[Ngữ pháp, bài tập] Câu bị động theo các thì (có đáp án)

[Ngữ pháp, bài tập] Câu bị động theo các thì (có đáp án)

Tài liệu Ngữ pháp, bài tập Câu bị động (theo thì) lớp 9 hay, có đáp án trình bày khái quát lại ngữ pháp, cấu trúc, cách dùng cũng như bài tập có đáp án chi tiết nhằm mục đích giúp học sinh ôn luyện ngữ pháp và đạt kết quả cao trong các bài thi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 9.

I. Khái niệm và cách dùng chung  của câu bị động

- Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là người hay vật gì cũng không quá quan trọng.

II. Cấu trúc câu bị động

* Cấu trúc chung câu bị động

Active:      S + V + O + ……. 

Passive:    S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……

VD:  My sister does the homework everyday

-> The homework is done by my sister everyday

Các chú ý khi đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

- Tân ngữ câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ câu chủ động.

- Câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “be” ở câu bị động chia ở thì đó.

- By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Nếu sau “by” là đại từ vô nhân xưng (I, you, we, they, he, she) và các chủ ngữ  mang nghĩa người ta như people, somebody,… thì ta bỏ “by O” đi.

- Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by” nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”.

Ex: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter.

* Cấu trúc câu bị động cụ thể đối với các thì tiếng Anh cơ bản

Các thì	Chủ động	Bị động
1. Hiện tại đơn	S + V(s/es) + O Ví dụ: - Mary studies English every day. ( Mary học tiếng Anh hàng ngày)	S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: - English is studied by Mary everyday. ( Hàng ngày, tiếng Anh được học bởi Mary)
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn	S + is/am/are + V-ing + O Ví dụ: - He is planting some trees now. Bây giờ anh ấy đang trồng một vài cây	S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: - Some trees are being planted (by him) now.  Bây giờ một vài cái cây đang trồng( bởi anh ấy)
3. Quá khứ đơn	S + V-ed + O Ví dụ: - She wrote a letter yesterday. Ngày hôm qua, cô ấy đang viết một lá thư	S + was/were + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: - A letter was written (by her) yesterday. Ngày hôm qua, một là thư được viết ( bởi cô ấy)
4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn	S + was/were + V-ing + O Ví dụ: - They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday. Ngày hôm qua vào lúc 9 giờ sáng, họ đang mua một cái ô tô	S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O) Ví dụ: - A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday. Vào lúc 9 giờ sáng ngày hôm qua, một chiếc ô tô đang được mua
5. Hiện tại hoàn thành	S + have/ has + P2  + O Ví dụ: - My friend has done English exercises for two hours. Bạn tôi đã làm bài tập tiếng Anh được hai tiếng rồi	S + have/ has + been + P2  + (by + O) Ví dụ: - English exercises have done by my friends for two hours Bài tập tiếng Anh đã được làm bởi bạn tôi được hai tiếng gì
6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn	S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O   Ví dụ: - John has been repairing this car for 2 hours. John đã đang sửa chiếc xe ô tô này được 2 tiếng rồi	S + have/ has + been + being + P2 +(by  + O) Ví dụ: - This car has been being repaired by John for 2 hours. Chiếc xe ô tô đã đang được sửa bởi John trong vòng hai tiếng rồi
7. Quá khứ hoàn thành	S + had + P2  + O Ví dụ: - He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday. Trước 10 giờ tối ngày hôm qua, anh ấy đã hoàn thành bản báo cáo của mình	S + had + been + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: - His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday. Bản báo cáo của anh ấy đã được hoàn thành trước 10 giờ tối ngày hôm qua
8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn	S + had + been + V-ing + O   Ví dụ: - I had been typing the essay for 3 hours before you came yesterday. Anh ấy đã đáng gõ bài văn này được 3 tiếng trước khi bạn đến vào ngày hôm qua	S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O) Ví dụ: - The essay had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday.   Bài văn đã đang được gõ trong vòng 3 tiếng trước khi bạn đến ngày hôm qua
9. Tương lai đơn	S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O Ví dụ: - She will do a lot of things tomorrow. Cô ấy sẽ phải làm rất nhiều việc vào ngày mai	S + will + be + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: - A lot of things will be done tomorrow.   Rất nhiều việc sẽ được làm vào ngày mai
10. Tương lai tiếp diễn	S + will + be +V-ing + O Ví dụ: - She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow Vào thời điểm này ngày mai, cô ấy sẽ đang chăm sóc con mình	S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: - Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow. Con của ấy sẽ đang được chăm sóc vào thời điểm này ngày mai
11. Tương lai hoàn thành	S + will + have + P2 + O Ví dụ: -  She will have finished her studying by the end of this year. Cô ấy sẽ hoàn thành xong việc học trước cuối năm nay	S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: - Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year. Việc học của cô ấy sẽ được hoàn thành trức cuối năm nay
12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn	S + will + have + been + V-ing + O Ví dụ: - I will have been teaching English for 5 years by next week. Tôi sẽ đang dạy tiếng Anh được năm nay vào trước tuần sau	S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O) Ví dụ: - English will have been being taught for 5 years by next week. Tiếng Anh sẽ đang dạy được năm năm vào trước tuần sau

Bài tập

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.

13. They keep this room tidy all the time.

14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

15. They moved the fridge into the living room.

Key:

1. This dish is brought to me by the waiter.

2. These postcards are sent to us by our friends.

3. They were told this story by their grandmother when they visited her last week.

4. This train ticket was ordered for Tom’s mother by him.

5. Her ticket was shown to the airline agent by her.

6. This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.

7. A new apartment is going to be bought next year.

8. The customer was handed these boxes by the shop assistant.

9. The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.

10. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?

11. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee.

12. Anna will be given a ride to school by Tom tomorrow.

13. This room is kept tidy all the time.

14. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers by us.

15. The fridge was moved into the living room.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture

B. have manufactured

C. are manufactured

D. are manufacturing

2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.

A. was stolen

B. was stealing

C. stolen

D. stole

3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.

A. will be accomplished

B. accomplished

C. has accomplished

D. accomplishes

4.” When ----------? “   - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered

B. did penicillin discovered

C. was penicillin discovered

D. did penicillin discover

5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.

A. were praised

B. praised

C. were praising

D. praising

6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.

A. absorbs easily

B. is easily absorbing

C. is easily absorbed

D. absorbed easily

7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.

A. had considere

B. are considering

C. are considered

D. consider

8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.

A. been repaired

B. being repaired

C. repaired

D. repairing

9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.

A. were shown

B. had been shown

C. have been shown

D. have shown

10. George is --------------- Lisa.

A. marry with

B. marry to

C. married with

D. married to

11. Somebody cleans the room every day.

a. The room every day is cleaned    

b. The room is every day cleaned

c. The room is cleaned every day   

d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day

12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.

a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.

b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.

c. All flights were because of fog cancelled

d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

13. People don't use this road very often.

a. This road is not used very often

b. Not very often this road is not used

c. This road very often is not used

d. This road not very often is used

14. Somebody accused me of stealing money.

a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.

b. I was accused of stealing money

c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody

d. I was accused stealing money.

15. How do people learn languages?

a. How are languages learned?

b. How are languages learned by people?

c. How languages are learned?

d. Languages are learned how?

16. People warned us not to go out alone.

a. We were warned not going out alone

b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.

c. We weren't warned to go out alone.

d. We were warned not to go out alone.

17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.

a. The computer is being used at the moment.

b. The computer at the moment is being used.

c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.

d. The computer is used at the moment.

18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.

a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.

b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.

c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.

d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.

19. We found that they had cancelled the game.

a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.

b. The game had been cancelled.

c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.

d. The game were found to be cancelled.

20. They are building a new highway around the city.

a. A new highway is being built around the city.

b. A new highway is being built around the city by them

c. A new highway around the city is being built.

d. Around the city a new highway is being built.

Key

1. C

2. A 

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. C

7. C

8. C

9.C

10. D 

11. C

12. B

13. A

14. B

15. A

16. D

17. A

18. A

19. A

20. A

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. Which sentence is in the passive voice?

A. The children were taken to school by their mother.

B. The mother took the children to school.

C. The children went to school.

D. The children's mother drove them to school.

2. Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: “John writes the report every month.”

A. The report writes by John every month.

B. The report is written by John every month.

C. The report has been written by John every month.

D. The report was written by John every month.

3. Select the correct passive form of the following sentence: “They will complete the project next week.”

A. The project has been completed next week.

B. The project will be completed next week.

C. The project will have been completed next week.

D. The project was completed next week.

4. Choose the active form of the following sentence: “The cake was eaten by Mary.”

A. Mary has eaten the cake.

B. Mary was eating the cake.

C. Mary ate the cake.

D. Mary was eaten the cake.

5. Select the correct form of the passive voice for the following sentence: “Someone has cleaned the room.”

A. The room was cleaned.

B. The room has been cleaned.

C. The room is cleaned.

D. The room cleans.

Đáp án:

1. A

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. B

Exercise 2. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

1. Mary will read the book tomorrow.

___________________________________________

2. The teacher is checking the homework now.

___________________________________________

3. You must switch off the lights before you leave.

___________________________________________

4. The company will launch the new product next month.

___________________________________________

5. John posted the letter yesterday.

___________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. The book will be read by Mary tomorrow.

2. The homework is being checked by the teacher now.

3. The lights must be switched off before you leave.

4. The new product will be launched by the company next month.

5. The letter was posted by John yesterday.

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

1. Henry delivers the mail every day.

__________________________________________

2. Mr. Johnson manages the export division.

__________________________________________

3. The teacher corrects our exercises.

__________________________________________

4. Somebody calls the president every day.

__________________________________________

5. Where do people speak Vietnamese?

__________________________________________

6. Weeds cover the river bank.

__________________________________________

7. We use milk for making butter and cheese.

__________________________________________

8. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.

__________________________________________

9.  People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.

__________________________________________

10. No one believes her story.

__________________________________________

11. Fire destroyed that house.

__________________________________________

12. The students attended the lecture.

__________________________________________

13. The movie disappointed me very much.

__________________________________________

14. The police easily captured the thief.

__________________________________________

15. David returned the money last night.

__________________________________________

16. Smoke filled the room.

__________________________________________

17. Lisa took that book from the desk.

__________________________________________

18. We started a dancing class last week.

__________________________________________

19. Mr. John saw the accident.

__________________________________________

20. The teacher returned our written work to us.

__________________________________________

21. For the time being, Sahra is teaching that group.

__________________________________________

22. Kevin is calling the other members.

__________________________________________

23. The company is developing a new procedure.

__________________________________________

24. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?

__________________________________________

25. What books are people reading this month?

__________________________________________

26. William is milking the cows.

__________________________________________

27. My brother is washing the car.

__________________________________________

28. Linda is drinking a cup of tea.

__________________________________________

29. Emily is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.

__________________________________________

30. The mailman is delivering the mail now.

__________________________________________

31. Mark was delivering the documents to the department.

__________________________________________

32. A French architect was designing the palace.

__________________________________________

33. Mr. Daniel was writing the report at 7 p.m yesterday.

__________________________________________

34. Who was painting those windows?

__________________________________________

35. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.

__________________________________________

36. They were not eating dinner.

__________________________________________

37. They were painting the gate.

__________________________________________

38. You were not driving her home.

__________________________________________

39. She was feeding the dogs.

__________________________________________

40. Was he reading these lines?

__________________________________________

41. Max has finished the report.

__________________________________________

42. Somebody has taken my briefcase.

__________________________________________

43. He has finished the report at noon.

__________________________________________

44. The police have arrested five suspects.

__________________________________________

45. Linda has paid the bill.

__________________________________________

46. I have eaten a hamburger.

__________________________________________

47. I have opened the present.

__________________________________________

48. We have not read the book.

__________________________________________

49. You have not sent the parcel.

__________________________________________

50. Has he phoned her?

__________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. The mail is delivered by Tom every day.

2. The export division is managed by Mr. John.

3. Our exercises are corrected by the teacher.

4. The president is called every day.

5. Where is Vietnamese spoken?

6. The river bank is covered by weeds.

7. Milk is used for making butter and cheese.

8. English is spoken in almost every corner of the world.

9. A lot of money is spent on advertising every day.

10. Her story is believed.

11. That house was destroyed by fire.

12. The lecture was attended by the students.

13. I was disappointed very much by the movie.

14. The thief was easily captured by the police.

15. The money was returned by David last night.

16. The room was filled with smoke.

17. That book was taken from the desk by Lisa.

18. A dancing class was started last week.

19. The accident was seen by Mr. John.

20. Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.

21. For the time being, that group is being taught by Sahra.

22. The other members are being called by Kevin.

23. A new procedure is being developed by the company.

24. Who is being kept in the kitchen?

25. What books are being read this month?

26. The cows are being milked by William.

27. The car is being washed by my father.

28. A cup of tea is being drunk by Linda.

29. The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Emily.

30. The mail is being delivered by the mailman now.

31. The documents were being delivered to the department by Mark.

32. The palace was being designed by a French architect.

33. The report was being written by Mr. Brown at 8 p.m yesterday.

34. By whom were those windows being painted?

35. All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief engineer.

36. Dinner was not being eaten.

37. The gate was being painted.

38. She was not being driven home by you.

39. The dogs were being fed by her.

40. Were these lines being read by him?

41. The report has been finished by Max.

42. My briefcase has been taken.

43. The report has been finished at noon.

44. Five suspects have been arrested by the police.

45. The bill has been paid by Linda.

46. A hamburger has been eaten.

47. The present has been opened.

48. The book has not been read.

49. The parcel has not been sent.

50. Has she been phoned by him?

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