So sánh hơn, So sánh nhất chi tiết (ngữ pháp, bài tập có đáp án)

Tài liệu So sánh hơn và So sánh nhất lớp 10 hay, có đáp án trình bày khái quát lại ngữ pháp, cấu trúc, cách dùng cũng như bài tập có đáp án chi tiết nhằm mục đích giúp học sinh ôn luyện ngữ pháp và đạt kết quả cao trong các bài thi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 10.

So sánh hơn, So sánh nhất chi tiết (ngữ pháp, bài tập có đáp án)

I. Lý thuyết

SO SÁNH HƠN CỦA TÍNH TỪ

(Comparative adjectives)

1. Định nghĩa

+ So sánh hơn chỉ sử dụng khi có hai người, hai sự vật, hoặc hai sự việc nào đó đi đưa ra để so sánh.

+ Khi dùng so sánh thì phải có tính từ đi kèm vào.

+ Tính từ được chia làm hai loại: tính từ ngắn và tính từ dài.

* Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết ví dụ như: strong, big, nice ... Tuy nhiên tính có hai vần tận cùng bằng y, er, le, ow, some cũng được xem là tính từ ngắn, ví dụ handsome, simple, narrow, pretty, clever.

* Tính từ dài là tính từ có từ hai vần trở lên.

2. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn

a. Với tính từ ngắn

N1 + be + adj-er + than + N2

Ex:

- Your house is bigger than Lan’s house.

(Nhà của bạn thì lớn hơn nhà của Lan.)

- The life in the country is simpler than that in the city.

(Cuộc sống ở nông thôn thì giản dị hơn cuộc sống ở thành thị.)

b) Với tính từ dài

N1 + be + more + adj + than + N2

Ex:

- She is more beautiful than her younger sister.

(Cô ấy đẹp hơn em gái của cô ta.)

- This chair is more comfortable than that chair.

(Cái ghế này thì thoải mái hơn cái ghế kia.)

Chú ý:

Trước so sánh hơn của tính từ, chúng ta có thể sử dụng a bit, a little, much, a lot far (= a lot).

Ex: You should go to there by bus. It costs much cheaper.

(Bạn nên đi đến đó bằng xe buýt. Nó rẻ hơn nhiều.)

SO SÁNH NHẤT CỦA TÍNH TỪ

(Superlative adjectives)

1. Định nghĩa

So sánh nhất chỉ sử dụng khi có từ ba người, ba sự vật, ba sự việc trở lên để so sánh nhằm đưa ra mức độ lớn nhất đối với những cái khác.

2. Cấu trúc so sánh nhất

a. Với tính từ ngắn

S + be + the + adj –est…

Ex:

- Mai is the most beautiful girl in this class.

(Mai là cô gái xinh dẹp nhất lớp.)

- Nhung is the shortest of the three sisters.

(Nhung là người thấp nhất trong ba chị em.)

Lưu ý: Trong so sánh nhất hai giới từ “in” và of thường hay được sử dụng. Chúng ta dùng” of” khi chỉ về số lượng dùng in khi chỉ về nơi chốn.

b. Với tính từ dài

S + be + the + most + adj …

Ex:

- The lion is the most dangerous animal of the three.

(Sư tử là loài nguy hiểm nhất trong ba loài này.)

- The brown dress is the most expensive.

(Chiếc váy màu nâu là đắt nhất.)

3. Cách thêm đuôi –er, -est của tính từ ngắn

a. Với tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng -y: Trong câu so sánh hơn ta bỏ -y thay bằng -ier, trong câu so sánh nhất ta bỏ -y thay bằng – iest.

Ví dụ:

- You are look happier than your husband. What’s happen? (Bạn trông vui vẻ hơn anh chồng nhiều đấy. Có chuyện gì thế?)

- You are reading the funniest example in the world (Bạn đang đọc ví dụ buồn cười nhất thế giới đây)

b. Với tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng -e: Trong câu so sánh hơn: Thêm -r vào sau cùng, Trong câu so sánh nhất, thêm -st vào sau cùng

Ví dụ:

- Your crush looks nicer than your ex. (Crush hiện tại của bạn trông tuyệt vời hơn tình cũ đó)

- My crush is always the nicest on my heart (Crush của tôi lúc nào cũng là tuyệt vời nhất trong tim tôi rồi)

c.Với tính từ ngắn có nguyên âm đứng trước phụ âm sau cùng: Trong câu so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất sẽ cần gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm theo quy tắc như thông thường.

Ví dụ:

- My thumb is bigger than my pinky (Ngón tay cái của mình to hơn ngón út)

- My house is the biggest in this town (Ngôi nhà tôi to nhất ở thành phố này)

II. Bài tập

Task 1. Chọn từ các từ cho sẵn và điền dạng so sánh hơn.

        bad         cheap       far        fit         green        happy        lazy        little

        nervous        quickly         serious        tall       trendy        well              wise

1. Your brother is much __________ than mine.

2. This island used to be much __________ before the forest fires.

3. Slow down! You’re __________ than me and I can’t keep up!

4. Veronica seems __________ since she moved schools.

5. It’s actually __________ trendier to wear your hair up this year.

6. As the time for the performance got __________, I got more nervous.

7. Old people are often __________ than young people.

8. Why don’t you try and find a __________ computer game and save some money?

9. Matt seems to have got even __________ than he used to be and almost never studies.

10. If the problem gets any __________, we may need to inform the manager about it.

11. If you work __________, you’ll finish sooner and then you can go home earlier.

12. Ben says he’s feeling much __________ after his illness.

13. I have even __________ free time this year than I did last year.

14. The news was much __________ than anyone had feared.

15. You’ll need to be able to run __________ than this if you’re going to do the marathon.

Đáp án:

1. taller	2. greener	3. fitter	4. happier	5. trendier
6. more nervous	7. wiser	8. cheaper	9. lazier	10. more serious
11. more quickly	12. better	13. less	14. worse	15. farther

Task 2. Chọn từ các từ cho sẵn và điền dạng so sánh nhất.

        bad         badly        boring         crazy        deep         far        great       high

        little         lovely         lucky        modern         often        ugly          wise

1. I think Mohammed Ali was the __________ boxer that ever lived.

2. It was the __________ film I had ever seen.

3. Our teacher told us that the student with the __________ mark would get a prize.

4. Ginger is one of the __________ cats alive – he’s been hit by a car three times and has never been hurt!

5. Out of all the students in my music school, I practise __________.

6. The Pacific is the __________ ocean in the world.

7. Blobfish is the __________ fish I’ve ever seen!

8. I was ill before the exam and I did __________ out of the whole class.

9. The __________ I’ve run in one day is about ten kilometres.

10. Don’t you think this would be the __________ spot for a picnic?

11. But that’s the __________ idea I’ve ever heard!

12. I asked the assistant in The gioi Di dong to show me the __________ phone they had.

13. I told the manager that it was the __________ hotel I had ever stayed in.

14. Who do you think is the __________ talented actor to win an Oscar?

15. Out of all the members of the choir, Jason sang __________.

Đáp án:

1. greatest	2. most boring	3. highest	4. luckiest	5. most often
6. deepest	7. ugliest	8. (the) worst	9. farthest	10. loveliest
11. craziest	12. most modern	13. worst	14. least	15. (the) best

Task 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

FILM REVIEW

Crime Does Pay, the (1) latter / latest comedy from director Sam Martin, has to be one of the (2) little / least interesting films I have ever seen. The acting is terrible and the story is much (3) worse / worst than Martin’s other flop, Escape. Crime Does Pay was apparently (4) more / most expensive than any other film this year, but it’s hard to see where the money went. The plot concerns a gang of burglars who decide to steal the (5) more / most valuable painting in the world. Fine, except the criminals are far (6) less / least amusing than they should be. There isn’t a single real laugh in the whole movie. When I saw it, even (7) younger / youngest members of the audience thought it was stupidly childish. Dean Richards, playing Scaramose, does a slightly (8) better / best job than the others, but there isn’t much in it. Will Hollywood realise that as ticket prices get (9) higher / highest, more people are finding that the (10) well / best form of entertainment is to spend an evening at home with a DVD?

Đáp án:

1. latest	2. least	3. worse	4. more	5. most
6. less	7. youngest	8. better	9. higher	10. best

Task 4. Viết lại câu dùng từ cho sẵn, dùng 2-5 từ.

1. I have never read a better book than this one. ever

⮚ This is the _________________________ read.

2. Nobody has ever been this far into the jungle. as

⮚ This is _________________________ has ever been into the jungle.

3. I have never worked so hard in my whole life. ever

⮚ It was the _________________________ in my whole life.

4. Liam is the tallest boy in the class. than

⮚ Every other boy in the class _________________________ Liam.

5. This is the nicest beach along this part of the coast. than

⮚ This _________________________ the others along this part of the coast.

6. I read that Mount Everest is the highest mountain. none

⮚ I read that _________________________ Mount Everest.

7. Has anyone ever been this far north before? the

⮚ Is _________________________ has ever been?

8. The painting Ed did is the ugliest one you can imagine. than

⮚ You can’t imagine _________________________ the one Ed did.

9. This stamp is rarer than any other in my collection. more

⮚ The other stamps in my collection _________________________ this one.

10. Nobody in the class runs as fast as Pedro. runner

⮚ Pedro _________________________ in the class.

Đáp án:

1. best book I have ever	2. the farthest anybody/anyone
3. hardest I have ever worked	4. is shorter than
5. beach is nicer than	6. no mountain is higher than
7. this the farthest north anybody/anyone	8. an uglier painting/ a painting uglier than
9. are more common/ commoner than	10. is the fastest runner

Task 5. Chọn từ các từ cho sẵn và điền dạng so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh nhất.

        demanding        few        funny        hard       long

        observant        reliable       slight        ugly        valuable

1. I thought this week’s programme was far __________ than last week’s, so it’s definitely improving.

2. My new laptop is __________ than my old one, but I suppose it was quite cheap so I shouldn’t be surprised.

3. Jim Carter knows what he wants from employees, and I don’t think I’ve ever worked for __________ manager.

4. Because of its internal structure, diamond is __________ substance known.

5. Beside the house, there stood __________ tower block I had ever seen.

6. If the conflict goes on any __________, more people are going to lose their lives.

7. __________ his Portrait of Dr. Gachet, van Gogh’s Irises still sold for $49 million.

8. Even __________ amongst us soon realise when a friend has changed their appearance in some way.

9. I’m afraid that what you’re saying doesn’t make __________ difference to how I feel.

10. Frankly, I think __________ people who know about this, the better.

Đáp án:

1. funnier than	2. less reliable than	3. a more demanding
4. the hardest	5. the ugliest	6. longer
7. Less valuable than	8. the least observant	9. the slightest
10. the fewer

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Write the superlative form of the following adjective.

1. Huge

2. Cold

3. Cheap

4. Much

5. Little

6. Significant

7. Alternative

8. Beautiful

9. Good

10. Far

11. Simple

12. Quick

13. Detailed

14. Young

15. Sustainable

16. Clever

17. Stupid

18. Shy

19. Slow

20. Clean

Đáp án:

1. the hugest	11. the most simple
2. the coldest	12. the quickest
3. the cheapest	13. the most detailed
4. the most	14. the youngest
5. the least	15. the most sustainable
6. the most significant	16. the most clever / the cleverest
7. the most alternative	17. the most stupid
8. the most beautiful	18. the shyest
9. the best	19. the slowest
10. the farthest / the furthest	20. the cleanest

Exercise 2. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

1. I am (tall) _________ person in my family.

2. Mercury is (small) _________ planet in our solar system.

3. Elephants are (large) _________ land animals on earth.

4. We bought (expensive) _________ TV in the store.

5. Which sports do you think are (dangerous) _________.

6. My cat is (lazy) _________ animal I know.

7. This restaurant serves (good) _________ food in town.

8. I think Maths is (difficult) _________ subject.

9. What is (long) _________ word in English that you know?

10. He is (strange) _________ man in the story.

11. Last week, I had (bad) _________ time of my life!

12. Which place is (hot) _________ place on earth?

13. I think it is (funny) _________ show on television.

14. My friend is (interesting) _________ person I know.

15. Who is (famous) _________ person in your country?

Đáp án:

1. the tallest	6. the laziest	11. the worst
2. the smallest	7. the best	12. the hottest
3. the largest	8. the most difficult	13. the funniest
4. the most expensive	9. the longest	14. the most interesting
5. the most dangerous	10. the strangest	15. the most famous

Exercise 3. Choose the best answer.

1. He is _______ actor I’ve ever met.

A. worse

B. bad

C. the worst

D. badly

2. Yuriko is _______responsible as Aki.

A. more

B. the most

C. much

D. as

3. It is ______in the city than it is in the countryside.

A. noisily

B. more noisier

C. noisier

D. noisy

4. Alex sings _______ among the singers I have known.

A. the most beautiful

B. the more beautiful

C. the most beautifully

D. the more beautifully

5. Emma is _______student in my class.

A. most hard-working

B. more hard-working

C. the most hard-working

D. as hard-working

6. Some experts claim that the coronavirus is __________ disease nowadays.

A. most dangerous

B. more dangerous 

C. as dangerous

D. the most dangerous

7. Studies have shown that older people are ________ vulnerable to the disease than any other age group.

A. most

B. the most

C. far more

D. as more

8. To our surprise, John was ______ industrious employee in the marketing department.

A. more

B. the most

C. much more

D. far most

9. Tam Chuc Pagoda is _________ popular tourist attraction in Ha Nam; hundreds of thousands of tourists flock to this area every year.

A. the most

B. more

C. most of

D. the more

10. When they launched the new smartphone, they assured their customers that it was ________ available on the market.

A. cheaper

B. cheap

C. the cheaper

D. the cheapest

Đáp án:

1. C

2. D

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. B

9. A

10. D

Xem thêm các bài học Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh lớp 10 đầy đủ, chi tiết khác:

• Hiện tại hoàn thành lớp 10

• Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn lớp 10

• Tương lai đơn lớp 10

• Câu bị động lớp 10

• Câu điều kiện loại 1, 2 lớp 10

• Hơn 20.000 câu trắc nghiệm Toán,Văn, Anh lớp 9 có đáp án

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