Quá khứ đơn, Quá khứ tiếp diễn chi tiết (ngữ pháp, bài tập có đáp án)

Tài liệu Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn lớp 10 hay, có đáp án trình bày khái quát lại ngữ pháp, cấu trúc, cách dùng cũng như bài tập có đáp án chi tiết nhằm mục đích giúp học sinh ôn luyện ngữ pháp và đạt kết quả cao trong các bài thi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 10.

Quá khứ đơn, Quá khứ tiếp diễn chi tiết (ngữ pháp, bài tập có đáp án)

A. Lý thuyết

Chúng ta thường xuyên sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với thì quá khứ đơn. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn sử dụng để nói về hành động đang xảy ra trong quá trình, và thì quá khứ đơn để nói về hành động làm gián đoạn hành động kia. 

Eg: It was raining when we arrived at school. 

While they were having dinner, the telephone rang. 

PAST SIMPLE (Thì quá khứ đơn)

I. Form:

	Động từ TOBE	Động từ thường
(+)	- I/She/he/It + was + Noun / Adjective - You/We/They + were +Noun / Adjective Eg:  + I was so lazy when I was a girl.        + My mother was a dentist.	S + V-ed/ PI-cột 2 trong bảng Động từ bất quy tắc Eg:    + I played football when I was 20.           + She had breakfast at 8 a.m yesterday morning.
(-)	- I/She/he/It + wasn’t + Noun/Adjective - You/We/They + weren't + Noun / Adjective Eg:     + I wasn't a lazy student.           + They weren't teachers at a primary school.	S + didn’t + V ... Eg:   + I didn't play football when I was 20.         + They didn't learn English when they were young.
(?)	- Were you/we/they+ Noun / adjective...? + Yes, I was / Yes, they/we were. + No, I wasn't / No, they/we weren't. - Was I/she/he/it + Noun / adjective...? + Yes, she/he/it was. + No, she/he/it wasn't. Eg: + Were you a teacher? => Yes, I was       + Was she a beautiful girl?       => No, she wasn't.	Did + S + V...? +Yes, S + did. +No, S + didn't Eg:  + Did you play football when you were 20? => Yes, I did.

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

- They went to the concert last night. (Họ đã tới rạp hát tối hôm qua.) 

- The plane took off two hours ago. (Máy bay đã cất cánh cách đây 2 giờ.)

III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN.

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:

- yesterday (hôm qua)

- last night/ last week/ last month/ last year: tối qua/ tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm ngoái

- ago: Cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ/ two weeks ago: cách đây 2 ngày …)

- when: khi (trong câu kể)

THE PAST CONTINUOUS (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

I.  Form : 

(+)	I + was +V-ing  You/We/They + were + V-ing	She/He/It+ was + V-ing
(-)	I + wasn’t (was not) +V-ing  You/We/They + weren’t (were not) +V-ing	She/He/It + wasn’t (was not) +V-ing
(?)	Was + I + V-ing ? - Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. Were + you/we/they + V-ing? - Yes, we/they were. - No, we/they weren’t.	Was+ She/He/It + V-ing...? - Yes, she/he/it was. - No, she/he/it wasn't.

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

1. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

- At 12 o’clock yesterday, we were having lunch. (Vào lúc 12h ngày hôm qua, chúng tôi đang ăn trưa.)

Ta thấy “lúc 12h ngày hôm qua” là một giờ cụ thể trong quá khứ, vào tại thời điểm này thì việc “ăn trưa” đang diễn ra nên ta sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. 

- At this time 2 days ago, I was travelling in America. (Vào thời gian này cách đây 2 ngày, tôi đang du lịch bên Mỹ.) 

2. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen vào.

- Hành động đang xảy ra chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào chia thì quá khứ đơn.

Ví dụ:

- He was chatting with his friend when his mother came into the room. (Cậu ta đang tán gẫu với bạn khi mẹ cậu ta vào phòng.)

Ta thấy có hai hành động đều xảy ra trong quá khứ: “tán gẫu với bạn” và “mẹ vào phòng”. Vào thời điểm đó hành động “tán gẫu với bạn” đang diễn ra thì bị xen ngang bởi hành động “mẹ vào phòng”. Vậy hành động đang diễn ra ta sẽ chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

- They were working when we got there. (Họ đang làm việc khi chúng tôi tới đó.)

3. Diễn tả hai hành động đồng thời xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ, trong câu có “while”.

Tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ khi có 2 hành động đồng thời đang diễn ra sẽ chia cả hai hành động đó ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

Ví dụ:

- My mother was cooking lunch while my father was cleaning the floor at 10 am yesterday. (Mẹ tôi đang nấu ăn trong khi bố tôi đang lau nhà lúc 10h sang hôm qua.)

- I was studying English while my brother was listening to music last night. (Tôi đang học tiếng Anh trong khi anh trai tôi đang nghe nhạc tối hôm qua.) 

III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

+ Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ kèm theo thời điểm xác định.

- at + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ (at 12 o’clock last night,…)

- at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ. (at this time two weeks ago, …)

- in + năm (in 2000, in 2005)

- in the past (trong quá khứ)

B. Bài tập

Task 1. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. I saw / was seeing Maria for the first time at Ray’s birthday party.

2. Richard watched / was watching TV when the phone rang.

3. When we were on holiday, we went / were going to the café almost every day.

4. Denise practised / was practising the song every day until she could sing it perfectly.

5. The phone was engaged when I called. Who did you talk / were you talking to?

6. Mr Connors owned / was owning two houses and a villa in the south of France.

7. I did / was doing my homework as soon as I got home from school.

8. A car came round the corner and I jumped / was jumping out of the way.

9. When my dad met my mum, he worked / was working as a bus driver.

10. I got / was getting up at six o’clock every morning last week!

11. My cousin and I played / were playing on the computer when there was a power cut.

12. No, that’s not right. I did pass / was passing the test. I got a B.

Đáp án:

1. saw	2. was watching	3. went	4. practised
5. were you talking	6. owned	7. did	8. jumped
9. was working	10. got	11. were playing	12. did pass

Task 2. Điền dạng đúng của từ.

1. Where _______________ (you / go) when I saw you on the bus last night?

2. _______________ (you / enjoy) the film?

3. When we shared a room, Zoë _______________ (always / take) my things. It was so annoying!

4. When I went to get the tickets, I realised I _______________ (not / have) any money.

5. When I was young, we _______________ (go) to France every year on holiday.

6. Elvis _______________ (become) famous for the song Blue Suede Shoes.

7. When you rang last night, I _______________ (work) in the garden so I didn’t hear the phone.

8. I _______________ (hear) from Davina last night. She says hello.

9. The old man _______________ (appear) to be very tired and he slowly sat down.

10. We _______________ (throw) a surprise party for my brother last Saturday.

Đáp án:

1. were you going	2. Did you enjoy	3. was always taking	4. didn’t have
5. went	6. became	7. was working	8. heard
9. appeared	10. threw

Task 3. Chọn trong các từ cho sẵn và chia dạng đúng của động từ.

appear        check       complete         disappear        get        go              kidnap look        make        mean        open         press         race        rain        remind see       start        take        travel        wait        wear        work

High-tech trouble

It all (1) __________ as I made my way home from work. We (2) __________ on a top secret computer program, and everyone (3) __________ pretty nervous about finishing on time, so it was good to get away from the office. It (4) __________ and it seemed like everyone (5) __________ home at the same time, anxious to avoid getting wet. I (6) __________ down into the underground station and (7) __________ for the train when I (8) __________ her at the end of the platform. She (9) __________ a red leather jacket that (10) __________ me of something I’d seen in a film, although I couldn’t remember when. As I watched, she (11) __________ her handbag and (12) __________ out what looked like a hand-held computer. She (13) __________ something on the screen, then (14) __________ in my direction. Suddenly, my mobile phone (15) __________ a sound that (16) __________ I had a text message. Frowning, I (17) __________ a key and the message (18) __________. ‘We (19) _________ your daughter. We know you (20) _________ the program. Follow the woman in red.’ I looked up just as she (21) _________ around the corner. I (22) _________ after her....

Đáp án:

1. started	2. were working	3. was getting	4. was raining
5. was traveling	6. went	7. was waiting	8. saw
9. was wearing	10. reminded	11. opened	12. took
13. checked	14. looked	15. made	16. meant
17. pressed	18. appeared	19. have kidnapped	20. have completed
21. disappeared/ was disappearing		22. raced

Task 4. Điền dạng đúng của từ.

1. When the explosion happened, hundreds of people ___________ (pass) through the airport.

2. When I heard the phone ring, I ___________ (stop) writing to answer it.

3. Amy was ___________ (read), so she didn’t see me walking past.

4. I ___________ (have) piano lessons every week from the age of six onwards.

5. We decided to leave the beach because it ___________ (get) dark and we wanted to get home while there was still some light.

6. _______ Jessica already __________ (think) of leaving university before she failed her first year exams?

7. Since the hotel had a pool, _______ you __________ (swim) every day?

8. The Industrial Revolution ___________ (attract) many people from the country to the city.

9. The Hubble Space Telescope ___________ (put) into orbit around the Earth in 1990.

10. Sorry I couldn’t come on Friday, but I ___________ (work) on my project.

11. By the time we ___________ (arrive), the party was almost over.

12. The national park ___________ (create) to protect local wildlife.

Đáp án:

1. were passing	2. stopped	3. was reading	4. had
5. was getting	6. Was   thinking	7. did   swim	8. attracted
9. was put	10. was working	11. arrived	12. was created

Task 5. Nối câu sao cho phù hợp và viết lại câu chia dạng đúng của từ.

1. Vicky (have) a beautiful dream 2. When Andrew (see) the question, 3. The train (wait) 4. I (read) a library book 5. Sarah (have) an electric shock 6. When the doors (open), 7. When the campers (wake),

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

A. when she (touch) the wire. B. when I (find) a £10 note in it. C. when the alarm clock (ring). D. the crowd (rush) in. E. he (know) the answer immediately. F. they (see) that the sun (shine). G. when we (arrive) at the station.

Ví dụ: 1. C: Vicky was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________________

Đáp án:

2. E: When Andrew saw the question, he knew the answer immediately.

3. G: The train was waiting (for us) when we arrived at the station.

4. B: I was reading a library book when I found a £10 note in it.

5. A: Sarah had an electric shock when when she touched the wire.

6. D: When the doors were opened, the crowd rushed in.

7. F: When the campers woke up, they saw that the sun was shining.

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Complete the sentence with [Was/Were].

When my dad arrived…..

1. I ___________ riding my bike.

2. The mechanic ___________ repairing the car.

3. You ___________ sleeping in your bedroom.

4. The children ___________ playing tennis.

5. My mum ___________ reading a book.

6. The cat ___________ chasing a mouse.

7. It ___________ snowing a lot.

8. The birds ___________ singing.

9. Lucy ___________ talking on the phone.

10. The dogs ___________ running.

Đáp án:

1. was watching	2. was having	3. were studying
4. were eating	5. was playing	6. were swimming
7. was raining	8. were listening	9. was flying
10. were dancing

Exercise 2. Put the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) _____________ monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I (prepare)  _____________ dinner.

3. The kids (play) _____________ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.

4. I (practice) _____________ the guitar when he came home.

5. We (not / cycle) _____________ all day.

6. While Alan (work) _____________ in his room, his friends (swim) _____________ in the pool.

7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen) _____________  .

8. What (you / do) _____________ yesterday?

9. Most of the time we (sit) _____________ in the park.

10. I (listen) _____________ to the radio while my sister (watch) TV.

11. When I arrived, They (play) _____________ cards.

12. We (study) _____________ English yesterday at 4:00 pm.

Đáp án:

1. were playing	2. was preparing	3. were playing
4. was practicing	5. were not cycling	6. was working
7. were not listening	8. were you doing	9. were sitting
10. were listening	11. were playing	12. were studying

Exercise 3. Yesterday at 6 p.m. your family were doing different things. Write positive sentences in past progressive.

1. My mother / read / a novel. 

___________________________________________

2. My father / watch / a movie. 

___________________________________________

3. My elder sister / writing / in her diary. 

___________________________________________

4. My two brothers / listen / to the radio. 

___________________________________________

5. My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie. 

___________________________________________

6. We / talk / about school. 

___________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. My mother was reading a novel.

2. My father was watching a movie.

3. My elder sister was writing in her diary.

4. My two brothers were listening to the radio.

5. My little sister and I were not watching a movie.

6. We were talking about school.

Exercise 4. Choose the right words to fill the blanks.

It was Sunday afternoon. I ________ (1) a cookery program on TV when I ________ (2) how hungry I was. But of course I was hungry; I ________ (3) anything since lunch, and I ________ (4) a race in the morning. “Biscuits!” I ________ (5). My mother  ________ (6) me a jar of delicious home-made biscuits. I ________  (7) into the kitchen, ________ (8) the fridge and ________  (9) some milk in a big glass. Then I ________  (10) for the kitchen chair but it ________ (11) there: somebody ________ (12) it away. And there were no biscuits in the biscuit jar: somebody ________ (13) them all! I was sure I ________ (14) the jar there the previous day, and I ________ (15) only one cookie. It was very strange. A few minutes later, I ________ (16) my glass of milk when I ________ (17) a loud noise coming from the dining room. I ________ (18) there quickly and I ________ (19) the door. I couldn’t believe my eyes. An enormous monkey ________ (20) the biscuits excitedly on the kitchen chair.

1.

A. had watched

B. watched

C. was watching

2.

A. realised

B. was realising

C. had realised

3.

A. hadn’t eaten

B. was eating

C. ate

4.

A. was running

B. had run

C. ran

5.

A. had thought

B. thought

C. was thinking

6.

A. had given

B. was giving

C. gave

7.

A. was going

B. had gone

C. went

8.

A. was opening

B. had opened

C. opened

9.

A. was pouring

B. had poured

C. poured

10.

A. was looking

B. had looked

C. looked

11.

A. wasn’t being

B. hadn’t been

C. wasn’t

12.

A. was taking

B. took

C. had taken

13.

A. ate

B. had eaten

C. was eating

14.

A. was putting

B. had put

C. put

15.

A. was eating

B. had eaten

C. ate

16.

A. was drinking

B. drank

C. had drunk

17.

A. heard

B. was hearing

C. had heard

18.

A. was going

B. went

C. had gone

19.

A. was opening

B. had opened

C. opened

20.

A. ate

B. had eaten

C. was eating

Đáp án:

1. C	2. A	3. A	4. B	5. B
6. A	7. C	8. C	9. C	10. C
11. C	12. C	13. B	14. B	15. B
16. A	17. A	18. B	19. C	20. C

+ Trong câu có “when” khi diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và một hành động khác xen vào.

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