(Ôn thi Tiếng Anh vào 10) Chuyên đề Câu gián tiếp

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

today

that day

tonight

that night

this morning/evening

that morning/evening

now

then

tomorrow

the next day/the following day

yesterday

the day before/the previous day

next (week)

the next (week)/the following (week)

last (week)

the (week) before/the previous (week)

(three days) ago

(three days) before

this/these

that/those

here

there

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn

"I do it," he said.

Quá khứ đơn

He said he did it.

Hiện tại tiếp diễn

"I am doing it," he said.

Quá khứtiếp diễn

He said he was doing it.

Hiện tại hoàn thành

"I have done it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành

He said he had done it.

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

"I have been doing it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said he had been doing it.

Quá khứ đơn

"I did it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành

He said he had done it.

Quá khứ tiếp diễn

"I was doing it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said he had been doing it.

Quá khứ hoàn thành

"I had done it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành

He said he had done it.

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

"I had been doing it," he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said he had been doing it.

Modals: will/can/may

"I will/can/may do it," he said.

Past modals: would/could/might

He said he would/could/might do it.

Lưu ý:

says to/say to + O → tells/tell + O

said to + O → told + O

* Động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại thì không lùi thì, chỉ thay đổi ngôi/tân ngữ (nếu cần).

* Các trợ động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verbs) sau đây không cần thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật: "should", "ought to", "needn't”, "would", "could”, và "might".

Ex:

- Trực tiếp: He said, "Ann might ring today."

- Gián tiếp: He said that Ann might ring today.

* Có thể dùng "had to" thay cho "must"

- Trực tiếp: "I must finish all the homework today," Jack said.

- Gián tiếp: Jack said that he had to finish all the homework that day.

Dạng

Cấu trúc

Ví dụ

Wh-questions

S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh- + S + V (lùi thì)

"What time does the class begin?", he said.

→ He wanted to know what time the class began.

Yes-No questions

S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/wondered + if/whether + S + V (lùi thì)

"Have you listened to music?" Roger asked Mary.

→ Roger asked Mary if/whether she had listened to music.

Dạng

Cấu trúc

Ví dụ

Mệnh lệnh khẳng định

S + told/asked + O+ to V…

"Keep silent", the teacher said to them.

→ The teacher told them to keep silent.

Mệnh lệnh phủ định

S + told/asked + O+ not to V...

"Don't talk too much", Ms. Green told Tom.

→ Ms. Green told Tom not to talk too much.

Loại câu điều kiện

Hình thức tường thuật

Ví dụ

Loại 1

→ Loại 2

David said: "If I leave in a hurry, I will get there on time."

→ David said that if he left in a hurry, he would get there on time.

Loại 2

→ Giữ nguyên

Mary said: "If I studied hard, I would pass the exam."

→ Mary said that if she studied hard, she would pass the exam.

Loại 3

→ Giữ nguyên

His mother said: "If you had loved me, you wouldn't have left me like that."

→ His mother said that if he had loved her, he wouldn't have left her like that.

Loại 0

→ Giữ nguyên

"If you pour oil on water, it floats." said my mother.

→ My mother said if I pour oil on water, it floats.

Lưu ý:

Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có câu hỏi chứa if, khi chuyển thành câu tường thuật, mệnh đề if xếp ở cuối câu.

Ex: He asked: "If I get there on time, where will we go?"

→ He asked where they would go if he got there on time.