(Ôn thi Tiếng Anh vào 10) Chuyên đề Câu bị động

Thì

Câu chủ động

Câu bị động

Ví dụ

Simple Present

S+V (s/es) +O

S +am/is/are+ Vp2 +by + O

She reads a book every week.

→ A book is read by her every week.

Present Continuous

S+am/is/are + V-ing + O

S+am/is/are + being + Vp2 + by + O

She is wearing a school uniform.

→ A school uniform is being worn by her.

PresentPerfect

S+ has/have + Vp2+ O

S+ has/have + been + Vp2 + by + O

My mom has made this lunch box for me.

→ This lunch box has been made for me by my mom.

Simple Past

S+V-ed + O

S+ was/were + Vp2 +by+ O

I ate a hamburger for lunch.

→ A hamburger was eaten for lunch by me.

Past Continuous

S+ was/were + V-ing + O

S+was/were + being +Vp2+ by + O

Students were planting trees.

→ Trees were being planted by students.

Past Perfect

S+ had + Vp2+ O

S + had + been + Vp2 + by + O

They had built the house for ages.

→ The house had been built by them for ages.

Simple Future

S+ will + V+ O

S + will + be + Vp2+by+ O

Our boss will hold a meeting tomorrow.

→ A meeting will be held by our boss tomorrow.

Future Perfect

S+will + have + Vp2 + O

S+will + have + been+ Vp2 +by +O

At this time tomorrow, we will have finished the mid-term test.

→At this time tomorrow, the mid-term test will have been finished by us.

Near Future

S+am/is/are +going to +V + O

S + am/is/are +going to + be + Vp2+ by + O

My family is going to spend the 5-day holiday in Da Lat.

→ The 5-day holiday is going to be spent in Da Lat by my family.

Cấu trúc

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

S+V+Oi+ Od

→ S (Oi)+be+Vp2+Od

Lấy tân ngữ gián tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.

She gave me (Oi) an apple (Od) yesterday.

→ I was given an apple yesterday.

S+V+Oi + Od

→S (Od)+be + Vp2 + giới từ + Oi

Lấy tân ngữ trực tiếp lên làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.

She gave me (Oi) an apple (Od) yesterday.

→ An apple was given to me yesterday.

* Một số động từ có thể có hai tân ngữ theo sau là tân ngữ trực tiếp và tân ngữ gián tiếp như: give, send, show, lend, pay, promise, refuse, tell, offer,...

Cấu trúc

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

*TH1:

It is + V1(Vp2) that + S2+ V2 + ...

* TH2: Khi V2 chia ở thìhiện tại đơn hoặctương lai đơn

S2 + is/am/are +V1(Vp2) + to + V2(infinitive) + ...

* TH3: Khi V2 chia ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành

S2+ is/am/are + V1(Vp2) + to have + V2(Vp2) + ...

Khi V1 chia ở các thì hiện tại như hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành

- They think that she works very hard.

→It is thought that she works very hard. (TH1)

→She is thought to work very hard. (TH2)

- They think that she worked very hard last year.

→ She is thought to have worked very hard last year. (TH3)

* TH1:

It was + V1 (Vp2) + that+ S2 + V2 + ...

* TH2: Khi V2 chia ở thì quá khứ đơn:

S2+was/were+V1(Vp2)+to+V2 (infinitive)+ …

* TH3: Khi V2 chia ởthì quá khứ hoàn thành:

S2+was/were+V1(Vp2)+to+have+ V2(Vp2)+ ...

Khi V1 chia ở các thì quákhứ như quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành.

-People said that she was very kind.

→ It was said that she was very kind. (TH1)

→ She was said to be very kind. (TH2)

- People said that she had been verykind.

→ She was said to have been very kind. (TH3)

Cấu trúc

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

S + modal verb + V + O

→S+ modal verb + be + Vp2+ by + O

- Chỉ hành động xảy ra

trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

- Khi không biết hay không cần biết đến tácnhân của hành động.

- Khi muốn nhấn mạnh người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động với "by".

- She could make a cake yesterday.

→ A cake could be made yesterday.

- Henry ought to leave a message on my table.

→ A message ought to be left on my table.

- Local people may build a new bridge.

→ A new bridge may be built by local people.

S+ modal verb + have + Vp2 + O

→ S+ modal verb + have been + Vp2 + by + O

- Chỉ hành động cần phải làm/đáng lẽ phải xảy ra nhưng không làm/hànhđộng đoán biết chắc hẳn phải xảy ra ở quá khứ.

We should have read this book.

→ This book should have been read.

Cấu trúc

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

S+Vs +O+V

→ S+ to be + Vs(p2)+ to V

Chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động, sự việc

I heard her cry.

→ She was heard to cry.

S + Vs + O + V-ing

→ S + to be + Vs(p2) + V-ing

Chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy một phần của hành động, sự việc

He watched them playing basketball.

→ They were watched playing basketball.