(Ôn thi HSG Tiếng Anh 8) Chuyên đề Đọc hiểu dạng 10 câu (có đáp án)

Chuyên đề Đọc hiểu dạng 10 câu với bài tập đa dạng có đáp án trong bộ tài liệu Chuyên đề ôn thi học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh 8 giúp Giáo viên & Học sinh có thêm tài liệu ôn thi HSG Tiếng Anh 8.

(Ôn thi HSG Tiếng Anh 8) Chuyên đề Đọc hiểu dạng 10 câu (có đáp án)

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1.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by human to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled – a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature’s output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

            However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 part per million (p.p.m.), which is about 400 times its natural level.

 (Adapted from: A Collection of - TOEFL Reading - Comprehension Tests)

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. What constitutes an air pollutant.

B. The economic impact of air pollution.

C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.

D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.

2. The word “adversely” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. quickly

B. negatively

C. admittedly

D. considerably

3. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ___________.

A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas

B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled

C. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities

D. the definition of air pollution will continue to change

4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. In nature, we find many of the more important air pollutants.

B. The list of air pollutants has lengthened, due to the development of technology.

C. The Earth is developed by various chemical reactions.

D. England established the first air pollution laws in the 14th century.

5. For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?

A. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.

B. They function as part of a purification process.

C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.

D. They have existed since the Earth developed.

6. According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions ___________.

A. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants

B. can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants

C. will damage humans outside of the localized regions

D. will react forcefully with natural pollutants

7. The word “localized” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. circled

B. specified

C. surrounded

D. encircled

8. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if ___________.

A. the other substances in the area are known

B. it is in a localized area

C. it can be calculated quickly

D. the natural level is also known

9. What is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The air decreased concentration of noxious chemicals.

B. There are no noxious chemicals in the air.

C. Sulfur dioxide has measurable health effects at 0.08 part per million.

D. Biogeochemical cycles can not serve as an air purification scheme.

10. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws.

B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.

C. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.

D. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.

 

2.

Most forms of property are concrete and tangible, such as houses, cars, furniture or anything else that is included in one’s possessions. Other forms of property can be intangible, and copyright deals with intangible forms of property. Copyright is a legal protection extended to authors of creative works, for example, books, magazine articles, maps, films, plays, television shows, software, paintings, photographs, music, choreography in dance and all other forms of intellectual or artistic property.

Although the purpose of artistic property is usually public use and enjoyment, copyright establishes the ownership of the creator. When a person buys a copyrighted magazine, it belongs to this individual as a tangible object. However, the authors of the magazine articles own the research and the writing that went into creating the articles. The right to make and sell or give away copies of books or articles belongs to the authors, publishers, or other individuals or organizations that hold the copyright. To copy an entire book or a part of it, permission must be received from the copyright owner, who will most likely expect to be paid.

Copyright law distinguishes between different types of intellectual property. Music may be played by anyone after it is published. However, if it is performed for profit, the performers need to pay a fee, called a royalty. A similar principle applies to performances of songs and plays. On the other hand, names, ideas, and book titles are excepted. Ideas do not become copyrighted property until they are published in a book, a painting or a musical work. Almost all artistic work created before the 20th century is not copyrighted because it was created before the copyright law was passed.

The two common ways of infringing upon the copyright are plagiarism and piracy. Plagiarizing the work of another person means passing it off as one’s own. The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin plagiarus, which means “abductor”. Piracy may be an act of one person, but, in many cases, it is a joint effort of several people who reproduce copyrighted material and sell it for profit without paying royalties to the creator. Technological innovations have made piracy easy and anyone can duplicate a motion picture on videotape, a computer program, or a book. Video cassette recorders can be used by practically anyone to copy movies and television programs, and copying software has become almost as easy as copying a book. Large companies zealously monitor their copyrights for slogans, advertisements, and brand names, protected by a trademark.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Legal rights of property owners

B. Legal ownership of creative work

C. Examples of copyright piracy

D. Copying creating work for profit

2. The word “extended” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. explicated

B. exposed

C. guaranteed

D. granted

3. It can be inferred from the passage that copyright law is intended to protect _______.

A. the user’s ability to enjoy an artistic work

B. the creator’s ability to profit from the work

C. paintings and photographs from theft

D. computer software and videos from being copied

4. The word “principle” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. crucial point

B. cardinal role            

C. fundamental rule

D. formidable force

5. Which of the following properties is NOT mentioned as protected by copyright?

A. music and plays

B. paintings and maps          

C. printed medium

D. scientific discoveries

6. It can be inferred from the passage that it is legal if _______.

A. two songs, written by two different composers, have the same melody

B. two books, written by two different authors, have the same titles

C. two drawings, created by two different artists, have the same images

D. two plays, created by two different playwrights, have the same plot and characters

7. With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?

A. Teachers are not allowed to make copies of published materials for use by their students

B. Plays written in the 16th century cannot be performed in theaters without permission

C. Singers can publicly sing only the songs for which they wrote the music and the lyrics

D. It is illegal to make photographs when sightseeing or traveling

8. The phrase “infringing upon” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. impinging upon

B. inducting for

C. violating

D. abhorring

9. The purpose of copyright law is most comparable with the purpose of which of the following?

A. A law against theft

B. A law against smoking     

C. A school policy

D. A household rule

10. According to the passage, copyright law is ______.

A. meticulously observed

B. routinely ignored 

C. frequently debated

D. zealously enforced

 

3.

If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they will cause a disaster. According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children.

However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well especially if the parents are very supportive of their child.

Michael Collins is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. Michael's mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.

Winston Smith, Michael's friend, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he doesn't win. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy.

1. One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to ______________.

A. make their child become a musician

B. help their child to become a genius

C. push their child into trying too much

D. neglect their child's education

2. Parents' ambition for their children is not wrong if they ______________.

A. understand and help their children sensibly                     

B. force their children into achieving success

C. themselves have been very successful                              

D. arrange private lessons for their children

3. Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents?

A. Successful musicians

B. Unrealistic parents

C. Educational psychologists.

D. Their children

4. Michael Collins is fortunate in that ______________.

A. his father is a musician

B. his parents are quite rich

C. his mother knows little about music

D. his parents help him in a sensible way

5. The phrase "crazy about" in the passage most likely means ______________.

A. "surprised at"

B. "completely unaware of"

C. "extremely interested in"

D. "confused about"

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