Tất tần tật về Hiện tại hoàn thành lớp 12 hay, có đáp án

Tài liệu Tất tần tật về Hiện tại hoàn thành lớp 12 hay, có đáp án trình bày khái quát lại ngữ pháp, cấu trúc, cách dùng cũng như bài tập có đáp án chi tiết nhằm mục đích giúp học sinh ôn luyện ngữ pháp và đạt kết quả cao trong các bài thi môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12.

Tất tần tật về Hiện tại hoàn thành lớp 12 hay, có đáp án

THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

A. Lý thuyết

I- CẤU TRÚC THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

1. Khẳng định:

S + have/ has + VpII

Ví dụ:

- I have graduated from my university since 2012.

(Tôi tốt nghiệp đại học từ năm 2012.)

2. Phủ định:

S + haven’t / hasn’t + VpII

Ví dụ:

- We haven’t met each other for a long time.

(Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian dài rồi.)

3. Câu nghi vấn:

Have/ Has + S + VpII ?

Trả lời: Yes, S + has/ have

No, S + hasn’t/ haven’t

Ví dụ:

- Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn đã từng du lịch tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?)

  Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.

II. CÁCH DÙNG

1. Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ:

– Không có thời gian xác định.

Ví dụ:

John has traveled around the world (We don’t know when.)

I have lost my key.

She has moved to New York.

– Hoặc đi với các từ: just, recently, already, yet…

– Hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm hiện tại.

Ví dụ:

I have watched “Iron Man” several times.

He has studied this lesson over and over.

– Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.

Ví dụ:

It is the most boring book that I have ever read.

– Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second… time…, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.

Ví dụ:

This is the first time he has driven a car.

It’s the second time he has lost his passport.

2. Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ và hành động đó vẫn còn kéo dài ở hiện tại.

Ví dụ:

I have worked here for 10 years.

She has been ill since last week.

– Có các từ chỉ thời gian đi cùng như: since, for, ever, never, up to now, so far…

Ví dụ:

John has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still lives there.)

John has lived in that house since 1989. 

III. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

– Since + thời điểm trong quá khứ (mốc thời gian, thời điểm mà hành động bắt đầu): since 1982, since January... : kể từ khi

Ví dụ:

Since September I haven’t smoked.

He hasn’t met her since she was a little girl.

- For + khoảng thời gian (kéo dài hành động): for three days, for ten minutes… : trong vòng

Ví dụ:

I haven’t heard from her for 2 months.

I have worked here for 15 years.

– Already: đã… rồi (Dùng trong câu khẳng định hay câu hỏi, ALREADY có thể đứng ngay sau have/has và cũng có thể đứng cuối câu)

Ví dụ:

I have already had the answer. = I have had the answer already.

Have you typed my letter already?

– Yet: chưa (Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn. YET thường đứng cuối câu, có thể đứng giữa câu sau not)

Ví dụ:

John hasn’t written his report yet = John hasn’t yet written his report.

I haven’t decided what to do yet = I haven’t yet decided what to do.

– Just: vừa mới (Dùng để chỉ một hành động vừa mới xảy ra)

Ví dụ:

I have just met him.

 – Recently, Lately: gần đây

Ví dụ:

He has recently arrived from New York.

– Ever: đã từng bao giờ chưa (chỉ dùng trong câu nghi vấn)

Ví dụ:

Have you ever gone abroad?

Have you ever eaten snake eat?

– Never/ Never … before: chưa bao giờ

Ví dụ:

I have never eaten a mango before. Have you eaten a mango?

I have never had a car.

– So far: cho đến bây giờ

Ví dụ:

We haven’t finished the English tenses so far.

– Up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: đến tận bây giờ

Ví dụ:

She hasn’t come up to now.

B. Bài tập

Task 1. Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. It’s the first time _______________ (I / ever / eat) octopus!

2. Sandy _______________ (not / see) her sister since she went to university.

3. They _______________ (go) on holiday to Spain and won’t be back until the end of the month.

4. Poor Tracy! She _______________ (write) that essay for hours now and she still hasn’t finished!

5. _______________ (you / ever / meet) anyone famous?

6. _______________ (I / try) to get in touch with Jenny all morning but I can’t find her anywhere.

7. _______________ (I / not finish) the book yet so I can’t tell you what happens.

8. _______________ (you / already / decide) where you’re going this summer?

9. _______________ (We / live) here for the last six years.

10. _______________ (I / never / hear) such nonsense!

Đáp án:

1. have ever eaten	2. has not seen	3. have gone
4. has been writing	5. Have you ever met	6. I have been trying
7. I have not finished	8. Have you already decided	9. We have lived
10. I have never heard

Task 2. Chọn từ đúng để hoàn thành câu.

    already       before      ever        for        just       rarely    since           so             still         yet

1. Have you ________ dreamt of winning the lottery?

2. I haven’t worked out how to set the timer on the video ________.

3. My dad’s lived in the same house ________ he was born.

4. The film’s only been on ________ a couple of minutes.

5. Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition ________ far.

6. I ________ get the chance to get any exercise – I’m just too busy.

7. He’s only ________ got home.

8. It’s eleven o’clock and Todd ________ hasn’t come home. Where could he be?

9. I have never met Ruth ________. What’s she like?

10. Have you finished ________? That was quick!

Đáp án:

1. ever	2. yet	3. since	4. for	5. so
6. rarely	7. just	8. still	9. before	10. already

Task 3. Sửa lỗi sai cho các từ được in đậm.

1. Tammy been able to swim since she was one year old. __________

2. How many articles has Greg wrote for Newsweek? __________

3. Tina and Phil still not managed to sell their flat. __________

4. I’m never been to China – what’s it like? __________

5. Have you heard? Carol’s breaking her leg again. __________

6. You’re lucky you caught me – I’ve just came through the front door. __________

7. Why you haven’t tell Sue yet that you’re thinking of dropping out of the course? __________

8. Our family is living in this village for over two hundred years and we’re not leaving now! __________

Đáp án:

1. has been	2. written	3. have still not managed
4. I’ve	5. broken	6. come
7. haven’t you told	8. has/ have lived

Task 4. Chọn và điện dạng đúng của các động từ cho sẵn.

        be x2        complete         do        find        finish        get        go

        have         invite        live         realise        start        think        win

1. I (just) _______________ what’s different! You’ve changed your hair.

2. My grandmother _______________ quite ill recently, so she’s coming to stay with us for a week or two.

3. We _______________ broadband at home since about 2005.

4. ________ you really __________ your homework already? Okay, you can watch TV, then.

5. We _______________ every match we’ve played so far this season.

6. I (always) _______________ in a big house until now, so it’s taking some time to get used to being in a small flat.

7. We can’t cancel the party now – I (already) _______________ everyone!

8. How long ________ Sue __________ abroad for?

9. Don’t get Matthew that game; I’m pretty sure he _______________ it already.

10. ________ you ever __________ of going into business on your own?

11. We (not) _______________ yet, so you can join in if you like.

12. We (never) _______________ to New York before, so we’re both really looking forward to it.

13. I still (not) _______________ my sunglasses anywhere.

14. Michael, ________ you __________ your homework yet? I think it’s time you started, isn’t it?

15. Tell me when you _______________ the form.

Đáp án:

1. have just realised	2. has been	3. have had
4. Have   finished	5. have won	6. have always lived
7. have already invited	8. has   gone	9. has got
10. Have   thought	11. haven’t started	12. have never been
13. haven’t found	14. have/haven’t   done	15. have completed

Task 5. Viết lại câu dùng từ gợi ý.

1. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.

⮚ She hasn’t _______________________________________________

2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.

⮚ He has __________________________________________________

3. I last had my hair cut in November.

⮚ I haven’t ________________________________________________

4. It has been a long time since we last met.

⮚ We haven’t ______________________________________________

5. When did you have it?

⮚ How long _______________________________________________

6. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.

⮚ I have never _____________________________________________

7. I haven’t seen him for 8 days.

⮚ The last _________________________________________________

8. Today is Saturday. I haven’t taken a bath since Wednesday.

⮚ It has been _______________________________________________

9. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.

⮚ We haven’t _______________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. She hasn’t come back to her hometown for 4 years.

2. He has worked as a bank clerk for 3 months.

3. I haven’t had my hair cut since November.

4. We haven’t met each other for a long time.

5. How long have you had it?

6. I have never had such a delicious meal.

7. The last time I saw him was 8 days ago.

8. It has been three days since I last took a bath.

9. We haven’t called each other for 5 months.

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