Các quy tắc bắt buộc phải nhớ khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

Các quy tắc bắt buộc phải nhớ khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

Bài viết Các quy tắc bắt buộc phải nhớ khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp giúp bạn có thêm tài liệu từ đó tìm được phương pháp học và yêu thích Tiếng Anh hơn.

1. Giới thiệu về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp

Ta dùng câu trực tiếp, câu gián tiếp khi muốn nhắc lại lời nói của ai đó. Tương tự như tiếng Việt, câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh cũng có cấu trúc như sau:

• Trực tiếp: Mệnh đề tường thuật + “mệnh đề trực tiếp”
• Gián tiếp: Mệnh đề tường thuật + (that) + mệnh đề được tường thuật lại

Ví dụ:

- Câu trực tiếp: Nam said “I am a student.”

- Câu gián tiếp: Nam said (that) he was a student.

2. Quy tắc chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

a. Lùi thì của động từ 

Thì trong câu trực tiếp	Thì trong câu gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn Hiện tại tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành	Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn	Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn	Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành	Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn (will)	Tương lai trong quá khứ (would)
Tương lai gần (am/ is/ are going to)	Was/ were going to
Shall/ Can/ May	Should/ Could/ Might
Should/ Could/ Might/ Would/ Must	Giữ nguyên không cần lùi

b. Thay đổi chủ ngữ, đại từ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu

	Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Chủ ngữ	I	He/ She
	You	I/ We/ They
	We	We/ They
	He/ She	He/ She
Đại từ sở hữu	Mine	His/ hers
	Yours	Mine/ Ours/ Theirs
	Ours	Ours/ Theirs
	His/ Hers	His/ Hers
Tính từ sở hữu	My	His/ Her
	Your	My/ Your/ Their
	Our	Our/ Their
	His/ Her	His/ Her
Đại từ chỉ định	This	That
	These	Those
Tân ngữ	Me	Him/ Her
	You	Me/ Us/ Them
	Us	Us/ Them
	Him/ Her	Him/ Her

c. Đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

Câu trực tiếp	Câu gián tiếp
Now	Then
Here	There
Tonight	That night
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The following day, the next day
Yesterday	The previous day, the day before
Ago	Before
Last …..	The previous ….
Next ….	The following ….
This / These	That / Those

3. Các dạng câu tường thuật

a. Câu tường thuật dạng câu kể

S + says/ said (that) + S + V.

Eg: He said that he didn’t work there anymore.

b. Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi

Câu hỏi Yes/ No	S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + whether/ if + S + V.
Câu hỏi H/ Wh	S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh-word + S + V.

Eg: He asked of I was angry.

c. Câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh

S + told + O + (not) to V.

Eg: The teacher told us not to talk in class.

4. Bài tập áp dụng

Exercise 1. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.

1.“Open the door.” he said to them.

- He told them...................................................................

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

- He asked her where.........................................................

3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.

- He asked..........................................................................

4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.

- I told................................................................................

5. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.

- She told............................................................................

6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

- I asked her........................................................................

7. “He’s not at home.”, she said.

- She said that.....................................................................

8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

- The girl wanted to know..................................................

9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.

- Tom told Ann...................................................................

10. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.

- He asked............................................................................

11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

- Thomas asked Jean...........................................................

12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.

- I told Mary........................................................................

13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said.

- She said that......................................................................

14. “I’ll pay him if I can.” she said.

- She said that......................................................................

15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.

- She asked us.......................................................................

Exercise 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.

She asked....................................................................

2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.

Martin asked us...........................................................

3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"

He asked.....................................................................

4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

The mother asked her daughter...................................

5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.

She asked her boyfriend...............................................

6. "What are they doing?" she asked.

She wanted to know......................................................

7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.

He wanted to know.......................................................

8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"

The teacher wanted to know.........................................

9. "How do you know that?" she asked me

She asked me................................................................

10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.

My friend asked me.....................................................

Exercise 3. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu dưới đây

1. Salim told to Alice to give her a hand.

2. Cuong asked her whether did she like sports or not.

3. Hoa promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Monday.

4. Kim said her mother that she would visit her grandfather in Nha Trang the next day.

5. Her father ordered her do not go out with him the day before.

Exercise 4. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences.

Question 1. The mother told her son ______ so impolitely.

A. not behaving        B. not to behave        C. did not behave                 D. not behave

Question 2. She said she _________ collect it for me after work.

A. would                   B. did                        C. will                                  D. had

Question 3. He asked me where I ______________.

A. have studied         B. study                    C. am studying                     D. studied

Question 4. The man wanted to avoid __________ on security cameras.

A. to see                    B. being seen            C. seeing                              D. to be seen            

Question 5. Helen said that he had lived in London four years ________

A. then                      B. ago                       C. before                              D. later

Question 6. John asked me _______________ in English.

A. what does this word mean                    B. what that word means

C. what did this word mean                       D. what that word meant

Question 7. The host asked her _______________ tea or coffee.

A. whether she liked                                  B. that she liked

C. if she likes                                              D. whether she like

Question 8. My friend asked me who _______________ the piano in the sitting room.

A. was playing          B. plays                    C. is playing                         D. has played

Question 9. The teacher told his students _______________ laughing.

A. would stop           B. to stop                  C. stop                                  D. stopped

Quesiton 10. Mary asked me ________________

A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before.

B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before

C. if I had watch the football match on TV the day before.

D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before.

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1.

1. He told them to open the door.

2. He asked her where she was going.

3. He asked me which way they had gone.

4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.

5. She told us not to try to open it then.

6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.

7. She said that he was not at home.

8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.

9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.

10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.

11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.

13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.

14. She said that she would pay him if she could.

15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.

Exercise 2.

1. She asked where her umbrella was.

2. Martin asked us how we were.

3. He asked if he had to do it.

4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.

5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best

6. She wanted to know what they were doing

7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema

8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English.

9. She asked me how I knew that.

10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin

Exercise 3.

1. told to ➔ told

2. did she like ➔ she liked

3. next Monday ➔ the next Monday

4. said ➔ said to/told

5. do not go ➔ not to go

Exercise 4.

1B                   2A                   3D                   4B                   5C       

6D                   7A                   8A                   9B                   10D

Xem thêm tài liệu môn Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:

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• Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về trạng từ tiếng Anh

• Tuyển tập trắc nghiệm ôn thi THPTQG chuyên đề tính từ, trạng từ có đáp án

• Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh

• Tuyển tập trắc nghiệm ôn thi THPTQG chuyên đề động từ khuyết thiếu có đáp án

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