Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh

Bài viết Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh giúp bạn có thêm tài liệu từ đó tìm được phương pháp học và yêu thích Tiếng Anh hơn.

Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh

Phần I: Lý thuyết

1. Động từ khuyết thiếu là gì?

Động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal verbs) là loại động từ đặc biệt, có chức năng làm rõ các tính chất của hành động bởi động từ chính trong câu.

Hình thức: Modal V + Vinf.

2. Các cách dùng của động từ khuyết thiếu

1. Diễn tả một khả năng/ kĩ năng	Can, Could Eg: He can speak English well.
2. Diễn tả một khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai	May, Might, Can, Could, Be likely to Eg: He may win the race.
3. Đưa ra một yêu cầu	Can, Could, Will, Would (Can/ Could được dùng trong những tình huống trang trọng) Eg: Can you close the door?
4. Đưa ra lời đề nghị giúp đỡ	Can I/ Shall I/ Can we/ Shall we Eg: Can I help you?
5. Đưa ra lời xin phép	Can I/ Could I/ May I Eg: May I leave early today?
6. Diễn tả lời khuyên, sự bắt buộc, sự cần thiết	- Dùng should/ ought to cho lời khuyên Eg: You should drive carefully. - Dùng be supposed to để đưa ra ý kiến tổng quát Eg: I’m supposed to attend the meeting. - Dùng had better để đưa ra cảnh báo Eg: He’d better go to work on time. - Dùng must, have to, have got to để diễn tả sự bắt buộc Eg: Motorists must obey all traffic lights in the city. - Dùng be to để diễn tả mệnh lệnh Eg: I was to call him last night. - Dùng needn’t/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to để diễn tả điều không bắt buộc, không cần thiết Eg: They don’t have to wear uniform to school on Saturdays.
7. Diễn tả sự ngăn cấm	Must not Eg: You mustn’t blow your car horn in front of the hospital.
8. Diễn tả một kết luận ở hiện tại	- Must, May (khẳng định) - Can’t, Couldn’t, Might not (phủ định) Eg: He looks very young. He can’t be over forty years old.
9. Diễn tả sự ưa thích	Would like, Would prefer, Would rather Eg: I would like to go camping today.
10. Diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra ở hiện tại	Modal V + be + Ving Eg: Tom is in the library now. He must be studying for his test tomorrow.
11. Diễn tả sự việc trong quá khứ Cấu trúc: Modal V + have + VpII	- Lời khuyên trong quá khứ:  Should have/ Ought to have VpII: đáng lẽ đã nên làm gì Eg: You shouldn’t have behaved like that. - Một kết luận, suy luận trong quá khứ theo mức độ chính xác > 90% Must have VpII ~ 50% May have VpII < 50% Could have VpII Might have VpII 2 - 10% Couldn’t have VpII Can’t have VpII
12. Diễn tả điều không có thật trong quá khứ (tương đương điều kiện loại III)	Would/ Could/ Might have VpII Eg: I could have become an artist, but my parents made me study medicine.

Phần II: Bài tập vận dụng

Exercise 1. Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây theo các động từ: might, might not, must, mustn’t, can, can’t

1. Don’t stand up in the boat! You …………………. fall in the river!

2. You really …………………. start spending more time on your work.

3. That’s a really stupid idea! You …………………. be serious, surely!

4. Don’t be silly. You …………………. expect me to believe you!

5. I learn to fly! You …………………. be joking!

6. Sue says she’s stuck in traffic and she …………………. be late.

7. Tell Peter he. …………………. stay the night here if he wants to.

8. You …………………. realize it, but this is very important to me.

9. We’re not sure but we …………………. go to Prague for Christmas this year.

10. Bill cooked the lunch, so you …………………. expect anything special!

Exercise 2. Viết lại câu theo nghĩa tương tự bằng cách sử dụng các modal verb cho sẵn trong ngoặc

1. Perhaps Susan know the address. (may)

Susan ………………………………………………………………………….

2. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)

The report …..………………………………………………………………….

3. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)

Nancy …………….……………………………………………………………

4. It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might)

Joanna …………………………………………………………………………..

5. I managed to finish all my work. (able)

I …………………………..……………………………………………………..

Exericse 3. Điền vào chỗ trống với các modal verb: must have been, can’t(couldn’t) have been, have to/had to (be), didn’t have to (be)

1. He knows a lot about flying plane. He …………….. a pilot when he was young.

2. John …………….. at the bank until 10, so he arrived here five minutes ago.

3. We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I ….... buy any more.

4. There …………….. an accident on South Street because the road is closed off.

5. You …………….. waiting long. After all, I’m only five minutes late.

6. Vera …………….. at the supermarket this morning. I didn’t see her there.

7. When she …………….. at the hospital? Early this morning.

8. Monica knew exactly what to do. I …………….. tell her twice.

9. I left a message on your answer phone last night. You …………….. out.

10. The fire alarm went and we …………….. out of the building in two minutes.

Exercise 4. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. When my father was young, he _____ work in the garden for long hours.

A. can

B. could

C. will

D. should

2. He_____ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. won't

D. couldn't

3. Since we have to be there by 8.30, we_____ take a taxi.

A. had better

B. may

C. ought

D. are able to

4. It_____ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?

A. could be

B. must

C. might

D. had better

5. _____ you help me with the homework?

A. May

B. Shall

C. Should

D. Will

6. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She_____ be really hungry.

A. might

B. will

C. must

D. can

7. I put my keys on the table, but now it's gone. Someone_____ have taken it.

A. may

B. had to

C. should

D. would rather

8.  Daisy is reading her English test because she has a test tomorrow. She_____ be studying.

A. will

B. should

C. must

D. can

9. We _____ put the fish in the fridge before it spoils.

A. had to

B. may

C. can

D. had better

10. Mr. Brown is very rich. He_____ work hard for a living.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. can't

D. doesn't have to

11. Tom has just got a new job. He_____ be very pleased.

A. might

B. must

C. should

D. will

12. Tom panted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another colour.

A. should

B. must

C. could

D. may

13.  _____ you carry this bag for me?

A. May

B. Should

C. Will

D. Shall

14. You _____ throw litter on the streets.

A. mustn't

B. couldn't

C. needn't

D. won't

15. My mother permitted me to go out at night. She said, "You_____ go out tonight".

A. may

B. have to

C. must

D. ought to

16. It is possible that she will come to our party tonight. She come her tonight.

A. need

B. may

C. should

D. will

17. They can type. They_____ type.

A. lean how to

B. are able to

C. know how to

D. both B &C

18. He advised me to take an English course. I_____ take it early.

A. should

B. shall

C. will

D. may

19. I'd rather_____ in the field than_____ home.

A. to work/ to stay

B. work/ stay

C. working/ staying

D. worked/stayed

20. As an orphan, he _____ earn his living alone.

A. have to

B. has had to

C. ought to

D. had to

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1.

1. might

2. must

3. can

4. can’t

5. must

6. might

7. can

8. might not

9. might

10. mustn’t

 Exercise 2.

1. Susan may know the address.

2. The report has to be on my desk tomorrow.

3. Nancy didn’t need to clean the flat.

4. Joanna mightn’t have received my message.

5. I was able to finish all my work.

Exercise 3.

1. must have been.

2. didn’t have to be.

3. didn’t have to.

4. must have been.

5. didn’t have to be.

6. couldn’t have been.

7. have to be.

8. had to.

9. must have been.

10. had to be.

Exercise 4.

1B	2D	3A	4C	5D	6C	7A	8C	9D	10D
11B	12A	13C	14A	15A	16B	17D	18A	19B	20D

Bài tập bổ sung

Task 1. Tích ✔ nếu đúng hoặc sửa lại nếu sai.

1. Can you to speak French? ________

2. I can give you a hand tomorrow morning, if you like. ________

3. I’ll can take my driving test after a few more lessons. ________

4. Jack can play the guitar before he learnt to talk! ________

5. If only I can afford to buy that top! ________

6. We can have gone up the Eiffel Tower while we were in Paris, but we decided to go to the Louvre instead. ________

7. I could get a more expensive computer, but it didn’t seem worth it. ________

8. I wish I could get out of the maths test tomorrow! ________

9. I bet you’d love to be can to get a satellite TV. ________

10. You’d better tell the coach if you can’t playing on Saturday. ________

Đáp án:

1. speak	2. ✔	3. be able to	4. could	5. could
6. could	7. ✔	8. ✔	9. able	10. play

Task 2. Chọn đáp án đúng. Nếu cả hai đáp án đều đúng, chọn cả hai.

1. You couldn’t / shouldn’t talk to people like that! It’s rude!

2. We could / were allowed to go home early yesterday because our teacher was ill.

3. Diana should have waited / been waiting for me at the corner. I wonder where she went.

4. Do you think I should / could be worried about these spots on my forehead?

5. You ought to / should enter that talent contest!

6. Hello. Could / Can I speak to Mrs Johnson, please?

7. Alan should write / have written two essays in the exam yesterday, not one!

8. No, you may / should not go out tonight. You know you’re grounded!

9. The head teacher said we could / were allowed to go home.

10. What were you doing in the park? You ought to have done / been doing your homework then!

Đáp án:

1. shouldn’t	2. were allowed to	3. both	4. should	5. both
6. both	7. have written	8. may	9. both	10. been doing

Task 3. Điền must, have to, need, hoặc need to vào chỗ trống.

1. Oh, I __________ remember to get some potatoes on the way home tonight.

2. Jason __________ see the headmaster during the next break. I wonder what it’s about?

3. We __________ light lots of candles during the power cut two nights ago.

4. I’ll __________ start doing my Christmas cards soon. It’s nearly December.

5. Carl, you __________ run into the street like that without looking first. It’s dangerous!

6. People with solar-powered cars (not) __________ worry about the price of petrol.

7. I wouldn’t like to __________ get up at five o’clock every morning.

8. We didn’t __________ do any washing-up after the picnic because we’d used disposable plates and cutlery.

9. Do professional musicians __________ practise every day?

10. I __________ have bothered cooking all that food; they’d eaten before they arrived.

Đáp án:

1. must/ have/need to	2. has/needs to	3. had/needed to	4. have/need to
5. mustn’t	6. don’t have/need to	7. have to	8. didn’t have/need to
9. have/need to	10. needn’t

Task 4. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ________ I have a look at those shoes in the window, please?

A. Must

B. Would

C. Should

D. Could

2. We ________ pay for the tickets as Josie won them in a competition.

A. mustn’t

B. didn’t have to

C. couldn’t

D. hadn’t to

3. You really ________ make such a mountain out of a molehill!

A. can’t

B. won’t

C. mightn’t

D. shouldn’t

4. You won’t ________ to connect to the Internet once you’ve got broadband as you’re online twenty-four hours a day.

A. need

B. must

C. ought

D. able

5. I hope we ________ find the cinema easily.

A. could

B. may

C. might

D. can

6. We couldn’t find a hotel room so we ________ sleep in the car. It was awful!

A. must

B. should

C. had to

D. could

7. We’d love to ________ afford to go on a round-the-world cruise.

A. can

B. be able to

C. will have to

D. have to

8. Fiona can’t ________ about the meeting. I reminded her this morning!

A. forget

B. be forgetting

C. have forgotten

D. have been forgetting

9. She could ________ in the garage when we came round, which would explain why she didn’t hear the bell.

A. work

B. be working

C. have worked

D. have been working

10. You’ll ________ tell the police that your house was broken into.

A. have to

B. must

C. had to

D. should

Đáp án:

1. D

2. B

3. D

4. A

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. D

10. A

Task 5. Điền các động từ khuyết thiếu dựa theo gợi ý.

1. Bruce __________ (is able to) finish most crosswords in under ten minutes.

2. Charlotte didn’t get to the Craig David concert because she __________ (wasn’t able to) get tickets.

3. I __________ (had the opportunity to go) to Oxford but I decided to go to a more modern university.

4. You __________ (were wrong to tell) Angus. You know he can’t keep a secret!

5. If you have a cashpoint card, you __________ (are not forced to) go into the bank to get money from your account.

6. We __________ (were made to) apologise to the police for wasting their time.

7. That __________ (almost definitely wasn’t) the last can of soda in the fridge. I bought loads this morning!

8. __________ (Were you obliged to) talk about two photographs during the interview?

9. Children __________ (are not allowed to) be left unattended.

10. The weather __________ (will probably) be good tomorrow.

Đáp án:

1. can	2. couldn’t	3. could have gone	4. shouldn’t have told
5. don’t have/need to	6. had to	7. can’t have been	8. Did you have to
9. mustn’t/ must not	10. ought to/ should

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