2000+ bài văn, đoạn văn Tiếng Anh hay nhất (các chủ đề)

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2000+ bài văn, đoạn văn Tiếng Anh hay nhất (các chủ đề)

• Write a competition entry about a course you have done

• Imagine you have bought a new piece of equipment for a hike in the mountains. Write the review

• Imagine that your school has decided to change the duration of lessons. They will now last for ninety minutes each. Write a letter to your friend and talk about this change

• Write a discussion essay with the title Film first or book first? Discuss

• Think about a film with a happy or surprising ending. Write the story, using past narrative tenses

• Write a blog post (100-120 words) about a good or bad experience which you had on holiday

• Imagine you are on a TY. Write a paragraph about things you have already done and things you want to do but haven't done yet

• Do a class survey about the questions below. Then write a report (100-120 words) about the results

• Imagine you are going shopping. Write a paragraph about your plans and predictions using as many different future forms as you can

• Write a letter (100-120 words) to your pen pal and share with him / her about your future career

• Choose one of the situations and write a post (100-120 words) giving advice to the person with the problem

• Write a passage (100-120 words) giving your opinion about the use of animals in scientific research

• Write a letter (100-120 words) requesting information about a volunteer programme

• Write a section of a tourist information leaflet (100-120 words) for a building in your city or a city you know

• Write about your time you were scared of, or nervous about something. What happened?

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about your unpleasant experience in life

• Write about a moral dilemma that you have experienced. Describe the situation and what you did. What happened in the end?

• Write an essay (180-200 words) about the following topic

• It is often said that teens and their parents rarely get on well. Write an essay (180-200 words) to give your opinion on this view and suggest advice to help make the relationship better

• Because of mobile phones, young people can usually contact a parent if they have a problem. Write an essay (180-200 words) in which you present the advantages and disadvantages of always being in contact

• Young people tend to show all aspects of their life on their social media network page. Write an essay (180-200 words) in which you present the advantages and disadvantages of displaying private life online

• The local newspaper published an article suggesting that schools should no longer have a long holiday over the summer. Write a blog post (180-200 words) outlining the benefits of summer holidays and describing a long summer holiday you have enjoyed

• Some students choose to go backpacking in the holidays. Is this a good idea? Write an essay (180-200 words) in which you express your opinion considering the impact of this kind of holiday on the students and on the countries they visit

• On a recent holiday, you and a group of friends stayed on a campsite. You were very dissatisfied with the experience. Write a letter of complaint (180-200 words) to the owner saying why you are unhappy and suggest ways in which he / she might improve the campsite. Use the ideas below or your own ideas

• You have just come back from a class trip which did not meet your expectations. Write a letter (180-200 words) to the organiser of the trip stating your dissatisfaction with the programme and transport and offering suggestions to avoid future problems

• Read the task below. Make notes. Then write your letter (180-200 words)

• Every year, your school invites a career counsellor to give a presentation to the whole school. Write a letter (180-200 words) to the school magazine in which you propose who to invite. Include a description of the career counsellor and suggest topics for the presentation

• You've read an article about teenagers and fast food. Write an article (180-200 words) for your school website about the dangers of teenagers eating too much fast food, and how students can be persuaded to eat less of it

• You've read an article about old-fashioned remedies. Write an article (180-200 words) for your school website about an old-fashioned remedy that you or a member of your family has ever used for treating an illness or an injury

• The table presents the data for the percentage of people in Vietnam using social networks in May 2022 and May 2023. In about 120-150 words, summarise the information in the table by selecting and reporting the main features, and making comparisons where relevant

• In about 120-150 words, summarise the information in the table below

• Read the task below. Write your report (180-200 words)

• Your school is proposing replacing all of the textbooks with e-books. The school wants to listen to the ideas of students. Write a report (180-200 words) to the school presenting the advantages and disadvantages of the scheme

• Write a paragraph (about 100 words) about your favourite community helper. Use the answers to the questions below to help you

• Write a paragraph (about 100 words) about what you like OR dislike about living in a city. You can use the ideas below or your own ideas

• Write a paragraph (about 100 words) about how to manage your time effectively. Use the tips in 4 or your own ideas

• Write a paragraph (about 100 words) about three things that make you proud of your community. You may use the following questions as cues

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about school days in the past

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about the most pleasant OR unpleasant experience you have had at school

• Write an email (100-120 words) to your penfriend about the changes in your family in the past five years. Use the ideas below

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about the natural wonder/beautiful landscape in your area. Using the following prompts

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) introducing this half day tour in Hue. Use the clues below

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about the most challenging thing you face when learning English and what you have done to improve it

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) about what your favourite electronic device can do now and what it will be able to do in the future. Use the ideas below or of your own

• Write an email (100-120 words) to your friend telling him/her about your future favourite job. You can use the ideas below

• Write an email (100-120 words) to your friend telling him/her about an organisation which protects the ocean. You can use the ideas below

• Write a biography (180 words) of Walt Disney for your school newspaper. Select and combine information below, and use the following outline and suggestions to help you

• Write an opinion essay (180 words) on the following topic. Use the ideas below and the outline and suggestions below to help you

• Choose one of the problems in 1, and write a problem-solving report on green solutions (180 words). Use the model in 2 and the outline with useful expressions below to help you

• Use the information about Ton That Tung below and details from 2 in Reading to write a biography (180 words) about Ton That Tung

• The line graph below illustrates population trends in Vietnam from 1960 to 2020. Write a description (120-150 words) of the graph. Use the expressions in 1, the model and tips in 2, and the suggestions below to help you

• Write a letter (150-180 words) applying for the position of a part-time receptionist. Use the model and tips in 1, and the suggestions below to help you

• Read the advert below and write a letter of application (150-180 words) to the Human Resource Department

• Write an essay (180-200 words) about the advantages and disadvantages of home robots, using the ideas in 1 and the suggested outline below

• Write a description (120-150 words) of the charts below. Use the model and tips in 2 to help you

• The tiger is one of the most endangered animals in the world. The Wildlife Magazine is holding a writing competition to raise people's awareness about conserving tigers. Write a report (180-200 words) describing the threats facing tigers and suggesting possible solutions

• Write an essay (180-200 words) about the benefits of using AI in creating content for the mass media and the problems caused by it. Select and combine information from Reading and the suggested ideas below

• Look at the job advert below. Imagine that you also want to apply for the job. Write your own CV

• Write an article (180-200 words) about the benefits and challenges of lifelong learning. Use the ideas in 1 and the outline below to help you

• Look at the job advert below. Imagine that you want to apply for the job. Write your own CV. Try to match it with the job description

• Write a biography (180 words) of Bill Gates for your school newspaper. Select and combine information from the Speaking section and the following quick facts. Use the outline below to help you

• Write an opinion essay (160-180 words) on the following topic. Use the outline and expressions below to help you

• Write a problem-solving report (180-200 words). Use the outline below to help you

• The line graph below illustrates population trends in Thailand from 1960 to 2020

• You are a secondary school student trying to earn some pocket money. Write a letter (120-150 words) to apply for one of the summer jobs advertised below

• Write an essay (160-180 words) about the advantages and disadvantages of robots in the workplace. Use the outline and suggestions below to help you

• The charts below show the most common ways for people in two cities, Clayton and Springvale, to get daily news in 2020. Write a report (120-150 words) to describe and compare the data

• Wildlife Asia is holding a writing competition to raise awareness about protecting endangered species, specifically the saola. Write a report (180-200 words) describing the threats facing the saola and suggesting possible solutions. Use the outline below to help you

• Read the following job advert. Write your CV (150-180 words) to apply for the job

• Write an article (180-200 words) about the benefits and challenges of learning foreign languages

• Write an email to your pen pal to give advice on how to practice English. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a passage about the life of the family member you talked about. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a paragraph about your dream house. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a short travel guide for the destinations/ tourist places in Vietnam. Write 100 to 120 words

• Summarise the main information from the text below on page 122. Use the Writing Skill box, the reading model, and your speaking notes to help you. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write an article about Mount Everest. Use the Writing Skill box, the reading model, and your speaking notes to help you. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a problem and solution passage about your city. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write an article about the most popular jobs in the future. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about your favorite English study method. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about what your family used to do when you were little. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write an email to your friend about what you used to do when you were little. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about your house and neighborhood. Write about what you like, and what you wish was different. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a short travel review for visitors to Vietnam. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a paragraph about a travel destination you like. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about ways to stay healthy and which ones you do. Write 100 to 120 words

• Read the information and write an article about the natural wonder. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write an article about common health myths. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about two problems your town or city has and suggest potential solutions. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about the things you want and expect to experience from media and entertainment companies in the future. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write an article about changes to the city. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about methods you use or think you should use to learn English. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about three reasons for learning English. Explain your ideas. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a short article about what family traditions and customs were like in the past and what they're like now. Write 100 to 120 words

• Imagine you're a grandparent looking at an old photo of a memorable day. Write about what your life was like back then. Write 100 to 120 words

• Imagine you are designing a house of the future. Write about its features and who would like to live there. Write 100 to 120 words

• You're going on a trip to Phú Quốc next month with your friend, Trang. Look at the suggestions in the box, then write an email to Trang and report the suggestions. Write 100 to 120 words

• You are making a travel guide for Vietnam. Write a short travel guide for the destinations you chose. Write 100 to 120 words

• What health problems do teens usually have? What difficulties they might have when they try to overcome the problems? Write about two or three problems. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a summary of the article about health goals below. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about problems and potential solutions at a natural wonder you know. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a paragraph about Victoria Falls. Use the Writing Skill box, the reading model, and your planning notes to help you. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write about what a student should do if they want to do the jobs below. Write 100 to 120 words

• Write a biography about Yvonne Young Clark or Nguyễn Ngọc Ký. Write 180-200 words

• Write a narrative about an interesting trip you took. Write 180-200 words

• Write an advantage and disadvantage essay about a family member's job. Write 180-200 words

• Write a blog post about possible challenges of lifelong learning and solutions. Write 180-200 words

• Write a list of dos and don'ts for visitors coming to Vietnam. Write 180-200 words

• Write a report about the information in the bar chart. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons. Write 180-200 words

• Write a problem-solution essay on the biggest risks on the internet for teenagers. Write 180-200 words

• Write a blog recommending the eco-resort. Write 180-200 words

• Write an essay discussing the pros and cons of AI and giving your opinion. Write 180-200 words

• Write about an experience that had a big impact on you. Write 180-200 words

• Write about an interesting thing that happened to you or that you did. Write about how you felt. Write 180-200 words

• Write a biography about someone that inspires you. Write 180-200 words

• Fill in the table with information you'd like to know, then write an email with the questions to a hotel. Use your own ideas

• Write about the job you want to do and what you need to do it well. Write 180-200 words

• Write a paragraph about a job you think you'd be good at and a paragraph about a job you'd be bad at. Give reasons for your opinion. Write 180-200 words

• Write about what you would look for in a university and how it would help you get a good job in the future. Write 180-200 words

• Write about the positive and negative aspects of two jobs. Write about how you could improve on some of the negative aspects. Write 180-200 words

• Write your friend an email suggesting you start learning a new skill together. Include reasons for your suggestions. Write 180-200 words

• Write about the culture of your country. Write 180-200 words

• Write about cultural norms in your country. Give your opinion about them and compare them to other cultures you know. Write 180-200 words

• Write a dos and don'ts blog post for visitors coming to Vietnam. Write about the cultural differences in Vietnam and how to deal with them. Write 180-200 words

• Write about the changes to Wellstone over the last ten years. Write about potential problems caused by urbanization and suggest ways to fix them. Write 180-200 words

• Write about three problems caused by urbanization and two solutions to each problem. Write 180-200 words

• Write a report about the information in the bar chart. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write 180-200 words

• Read about the charity below. Write about the work they do and what will happen if they don't do it. Write 180-200 words

• Write about two things businesses can do and two things the government can do to be more eco-friendly. Explain what effect these actions would have. Write 180-200 words

• Write how AI will make people's lives different in each of the categories below. Give your opinion on how you feel about your predictions. (job, home life, education, health, shopping, entertainment)

• Write about the features of five jobs and what AI's future impact will be for each job

• You received an email from Mark, your penfriend in the US. He asks you to write him about the things you like in your community. Now write an email (about 100 words) to tell him about these things

• Write a paragraph (100-120 words) to describe the life in Wonderland. Use the following ideas to help you

• Write a paragraph (100-200 words) about how to keep a well-balanced life. You may use the ideas in Writing 2 and Reading 3. Begin as follows

• Write a paragraph (100-200 words) about how people in your neighborhood observe their traditions and customs. You can refer to the following

• Complete the suggested ideas below about your most pleasant experience. Then use the ideas to write a paragraph (100-200 words) about that pleasant experience

• Write a paragraph (100-200 words) about a change in your lifestyle over the past three years. You may mention

• In recent years, many small local shops have closed because customers travel to large shopping centers and malls to do their shopping. Is it a positive or negative development?

• In some areas of the US, a 'curfew' is imposed, in which teenagers are not allowed to be out of doors after a particular time at night unless they are accompanied by an adult. What is your opinion about this?

• Some people think the most important skill nurses should have is having good medical knowledge. Others believe there are other more important qualities. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Nowadays, more and more people are moving from the countryside to cities, which are becoming overcrowded. What are the reasons for this movement to cities and what are the effects?

• The most important aim of science should be to improve people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

• Employers sometimes ask people applying for jobs for personal information, such as their personal information, such as their hobbies and interests, and whether they are married or single. Some people say that this information may be relevant and useful. Others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The amount of time spent on exercise and sports should be increased in schools in order to tackle the problem of overweight children. Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can you suggest?

• Some people think climate change has a negative impact on business, while others think that it provides more business options. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people think that all TV entertainment programs should educate people about the importance of social issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities, the government encourages businesses to move to the rural area. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?

• Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subject. Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to studying for a qualification. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Some people think the use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Today more and more tourists are visiting places where conditions are difficult, such as the Sahara Desert or the Antarctic. What are the benefits and disadvantages for tourists who visit such places?

• Some experts believe that when a country is already rich, any additional increase in economic wealth does not make its citizens any more satisfied. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Many people today, especially in the developed world, are choosing to have fewer children, or none at all. Why is this happening, and do you think it is a good trend?

• Some believe that history has little to teach us, while others think that the study of the past helps us to understand the present. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• An increasing number of people are choosing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. What can be the reasons for this? Do you think it’s a positive or negative development?

• Some people think that schools should reward students who show the best academic results, while others believe that it is more important to reward students who show improvements. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• In most countries, multinational companies and their products are becoming more and more important. This trend is seriously damaging our quality of life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think visual images (e.g. photographs, videos) in a news story can accurately tell what happened. Others think it cannot tell the full news story. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to their studies in school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem?

• Some people feel that entertainers (e.g., film stars, pop musicians or sports stars) are paid too much money. Do you agree or disagree? Which other types of job should be highly paid?

• Nowadays many people choose to be self-employed, rather than to work for a company or organization. Why might this be the case? What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed?

• Some people prefer to live in a house, while others feel that there are more advantages to living in an apartment. Are there more advantages than disadvantages to living in a house compared with living in an apartment?

• Some people support the development of agriculture, like factory farming and the scientific creation of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants. Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food they throw away?

• Most employers do job interviews before offering a position to a person. Do you think this is the best way to do it, or are there better alternatives? What is the best method of choosing employees in your opinion?

• In the future, nobody will buy printed newspapers or books because they will be able to read everything they want online without paying. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• We have been living in the nuclear age now for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet the technology has been put to positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine

• Many people around the world use social media every day to keep in touch with other people and get news events. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people believe that success in sports depends on physical ability. Others believe that there are more important factors. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as they like. Others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Economic progress is often used to measure a country’s success. However, some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors should also be considered when measuring a country’s success? Do you think one factor is more important than others?

• In many countries, sports and exercise classes are replaced with academic subjects. What is your opinion? What are the effects on the children in their lives?

• Movies and computer games containing violence are popular now. Some people say they have a negative effect on society and should be censored. Others say they are just harmless relaxation. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Aircrafts have been increasingly used to transport fruits and vegetables to some countries where such plants hardly grow or are out of season. Some people consider it a good trend, but some people oppose it. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this

• Without capital punishment (the death penalty) our lives are less secure and crimes of violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Women and men are commonly seen as having different strengths and weaknesses. Is it right to exclude males or females from certain professions because of their gender? What is your view? Explain your opinion

• Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In many countries today, if people want to find work, they have to move away from their friends and their families. Do you think the advantages of this problem outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some young people look forward to a year of travelling, a “gap year”; before they begin work or university and see it as a chance to broaden their horizons. For others, this is an expensive waste of time. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• One of the consequences of improved medical care is that people are living longer and life expectancy is increasing. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people think that when recruiting, companies should aim to take on people who are innovative and able to work independently while others consider they should recruit people who are able to work in a team and follow instructions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• People these days watch TV, films and other programmes alone rather than with other people. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

• Nowadays, the traditions and customs relating to the food we eat and the way we eat are changing. Why is this happening? Do you think this kind of change is positive or negative?

• In many parts of world, children are given more freedom than in the past. Is this a positive or negative development?

• In some countries, more and more people are becoming interested in finding out about the history of the house or building they live in. What are the reasons for this? How can people research this?

• Many companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some think it is a positive trend, while others think there are disadvantages. Discuss both sides and give your opinion

• Nowadays it is easy to apply for and be given a credit card. However, some people experience problems when they are not able to pay their debts back. Do the advantages of credit cards outweigh the disadvantages?

• In marriages today, some argue that it is the responsibility of both spouses to earn a living for the family. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Some people think that it is better to educate girls and boys in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In the future, we will have more and more leisure time as machines will replace many of the tasks we do at home and work now. Discuss the benefits this will bring and also the problems it will cause

• Video records are better to learn about the way other people in the world live than written documents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that the government is wasting money on the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree with this view?

• People in the community can buy cheaper products nowadays. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people think that technological development has made life complex. The only possible solution is not to use technology to live a simple life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Fewer and fewer people today write by hand using a pen, pencil or brush. What are the reasons? Is this a positive or a negative development?

• Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but they have not agreed on what an ideal society would be like. What do you think is the most important element of a perfect society in the modern world? How can people work towards achieving an ideal society?

• In the past, lectures were the traditional method of teaching large numbers of students in a classroom. Nowadays new technology is increasingly being used to teach students. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach in teaching?

• Many young people today know more about international pop or movie stars than about famous people in the history of their own country. Why is this? What can be done to increase young people’s interest in famous people in the history of their country?

• In today’s competitive world, many families find it necessary for both parents to go out to work. While some say the children in these families benefit from the additional income, others feel they lack support because of their parents’ absence. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and food choice while others argue that it is their choice. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization produce positive effects for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Some people say that when deciding how taxes are spent, government should prioritize health care. Others think that there are more important priorities for tax-payers’ money. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that this is the responsibility of governments to solve the problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people say that the only reason for learning a foreign language is in order to travel to or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are not the only reasons why someone should learn a foreign language. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?

• Some cities have vehicle-free days, when private cars, trucks, motorcycles are banned from the city center. Public transportation like buses, taxis and metros are advised. To what extent do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• In recent years, more and more people are choosing to read e-books rather than paper books. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this trend?

• The gap between the rich and the poor is becoming wider; the rich are becoming richer, and the poor are even getting poorer. What problems can the situation cause? What can be done to reduce this gap?

• Some people think that competitive sports have a positive effect on the education of teenagers while others argue that the effect is negative. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• Some people think governments should spend money looking for life on other planets, while others think that it is a waste of money as there are many unsolved problems on earth. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• It has become easier and more affordable for people to travel to other countries. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• Fresh water has always been a limited resource in some parts of the world. Today, however, growing worldwide demand has made this a global problem. What are the causes of the increased demand? What measures could governments and individuals take to respond to this problem?

• The position of women has changed a great deal in many societies over the past 50 years. But these societies cannot claim to have achieved gender equality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree?

• The relocation of people from urban areas to the countryside has both positive and negative implications. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

• Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nation’s history. Some people think they should be knocked down and replaced by new ones. How important is it to maintain old buildings? Should history stand in the way of progress?

• Individuals should not be allowed to carry guns as it increases crime and violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Genetic engineering is an important issue in society today. Some people think that it will improve people’s lives in many ways. Others feel that it may be a threat to life on earth. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• A growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people and that they should have the same rights as humans, while others argue that humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however, believe that it is the only way to save these attractions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some people believe that the government should not spend money on international aid when they have their own disadvantaged people like the homeless or unemployed. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The shortage of housing in big cities can cause severe consequences. Only government action can solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe teenagers should focus on all subjects equally, whereas other people think that they should concentrate on only those subjects that they find interesting. Discuss both views and provide your opinion.

• To succeed in a business, one needs to be good at maths. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In the future, it seems more difficult to live on Earth. Some people think more money should be spent on researching other planets to live on, such as Mars. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

• It has been suggested that all young adults should be required to undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community. Would the drawbacks be greater than the benefits to the community and the young adults themselves?

• In the past, many male leaders had led our society to conflicts and violence. The world would be better governed and more peaceful if it were ruled by women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe that education and healthcare should be free of charge and funded by the government. Others think that it should be the responsibility of the people to pay for these services. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Many doctors are concerned about the high use of computer games by children and young people. What mental and physical problems may arise from excessive use of these games? How could these problems be reduced?

• Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.

• Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?

• New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• International travel has become more affordable, and many countries are opening their doors to increase the number of tourists. Do the advantages of increased tourism outweigh its advantages?

• International tourism has brought enormous benefits to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages?

• Some people say that young people should be encouraged to leave home when they become adults while others claim it is better if they remain with their family. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• These days people are living into their 90’s and beyond. As a result, there is increasing concern about care for the elderly. Do you think it is the responsibility of the family to care for their elderly members or should the government be held responsible?

• Some people think that it is more beneficial to take part in sports which are played in teams, like football, while other people think that taking part in individual sports, like tennis or swimming, is better. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Nowadays, sports is a big business with high earnings for professional sports people and companies involved both financially and other ways. Is this a positive or negative development for sports?

• Some people say that the increasing business and cultural contact between countries is a positive development, while others think that many countries will lose their national identities as a result. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Many people are optimistic of the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you share their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century?

• Some people say the government should not put money into building theaters and sports stadiums; they should spend more money on medical care and education. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Some people believe that only the government can bring about significant changes in society, while others think that even an individual can have a lot of influence on society. What is your opinion on the above statement?

• In many places, prisons are overcrowded and expensive for governments to maintain. Yet, when offenders are released, they end up back in prison a short while later. Do prisons work? Should law-breakers be rehabilitated or punished?

• Crime is a big problem in the world; many believe that nothing can be done to prevent it. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your own opinion.

• Many feel that the common educational system of teachers and students in a classroom will be replaced by the year 2050. Do you agree with this view? Give your opinion.

• All education (primary, secondary and further education) should be free to all people and paid and managed by the government. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Nowadays, children watch a lot of TV and play video games. However, some think that these activities are not beneficial for a child’s mental health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Modern technology now allows rapid and uncontrolled access to and exchange of information. Far from being beneficial, this is a danger to our societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Doctors recommend that older people exercise regularly. However, many of them do not get enough exercise. What are the reasons? What can be done to encourage them to exercise more?

• Healthcare costs are increasing, and many governments are finding it difficult to balance their healthcare budget. To tackle this issue, some people suggest that citizens should be solely responsible for their own healthcare costs with private health insurance, while others suggest that the government should provide free health services for all. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some feel that it is impossible for a country to be economically progressive and environmentally friendly at the same time. Others disagree with this view. Discuss both points of view and give your opinion.

• Water pollution has become an increasing problem over the past few decades. What causes water pollution? How can we prevent this problem?

• Some believe governments should spend more money on improving roads and highways, while some think money should be spent improving public transportation, such as buses, trains, and subways. Discuss both points of view and give your opinion.

• Nowadays, some parents put a lot of pressure on their children. What is the reason for this? Is this a positive or negative development for the children?

• Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that being able to communicate with others online is breaking down geographical barriers and enabling people, who would normally never have the chance to meet, to communicate. What are the advantages of international communication online? Are there any disadvantages to this?

• When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give some reasons why this change has happened and suggest how families could be brought closer together.

• Nowadays food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live?

• As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike, leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• The money spent by governments on space programmers would be better spent on vital public services such as schools and hospitals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe that it is the responsibility of individuals to take care of their own health and diet. Others, however, believe that governments should make sure that their citizens have a healthy diet. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Many people believe that learning a foreign language is a very difficult task. What are the most difficult things about learning a foreign language? What is the best way to overcome them?

• People in the limelight have a responsibility to set an example for others by their good behavior. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Many people prefer to use public transportation while others say that personal cars are the best mode of transportation. Excessive use of private cars is considered to be the main reason for the traffic jams in many cities and that’s why the use of public transportation is encouraged. In your opinion, what are the pros and cons of using public transport?

• Children who start reading earlier in life perform better later on in their school studies. How important are early reading skills in a child’s academic performance? What other preschool factors influence a child’s later academic achievements?

• Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others, however, feel that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case? What are the benefits of travelling for the traveler?

• Some think that people should not change their jobs while others think they should because it brings advantages for themselves, company, and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Nowadays, women as well as men work full-time. Therefore, women and men should share household tasks evenly. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Young people are now spending more and more time and money following fashion trends. What is your opinion? Is this a positive or negative development?

• In today’s world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters, and writers. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

• In spite of many advances women have made in education and employment, they continue to be at a disadvantage when it comes to pay and promotion. In your view, what should be done to promote equality of opportunity for men and women in the workplace?

• The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?

• With a growing world population, one of the most pressing issues is feeding a huge population. Some people think that GM (Genetically Modified) foods offer a viable solution to this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The advantages of the spread of English as a global language will continue to outweigh its disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe that governments should pay full course fees for students who want to study at universities. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Many people are travelling to other countries. Why? Is it a positive or negative development?

• More and more people decide to eat healthy food and exercise regularly. What are the reasons for this trend? What can be done to encourage more people to eat healthier and exercise?

• These days, many people have their own computer and telephone, so it is quite easy for them to do their job at home. Does working at home have more advantages or more disadvantages?

• Some people say that the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society. Others say its purpose is to prepare individuals to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on campus. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

• Scientists tell us some activities are good for health and others are bad. Despite knowing that, millions of people continue doing unhealthy activities. What are the causes and what are the solutions?

• Some people think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others think that the government cannot solve these environmental problems unless individuals take some actions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?

• Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• The world should have only one government rather than a national government for each country. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• In many countries, a small number of people earn extremely high salaries. Some people believe that this is good for the country, but others think that governments should not allow salaries above a certain level. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. dinosaurs, dodos, etc.). There is no reason why people should stop this from happening. Do you agree or disagree?

• Some people say in order to prevent illness and disease, governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In many parts of the world, people do research on their family history. Some people believe that finding out about previous generations is a useful thing to do. However, others believe that it is better to focus on present and future generations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• In some countries, university students live at home, while in other countries university students go to other cities rather than live with their family. Do you think the benefits of living away from home outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people think that in modern society individuals are becoming more dependent on each other. Others believe people have become more independent. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• It is a good idea for people to continue working in their old age, if it is possible for them to do so. Do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think it is a good thing for senior managers to have much higher salaries than the other workers in a company. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Scientists agree that people are damaging their health by eating too much junk food. Some people think the answer to this problem is to educate people. Others think education will not work. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Some people think young people should be required to have full time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is important for all towns and cities to have large public outdoor places like squares and parks. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Nowadays a large amount of advertising is aimed at children. Some people think this can have negative effects on children and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In many nations, people in huge cities either live alone or in small family units, instead of in large, extended family groups. Is this a positive or negative trend?

• Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their lives. What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome?

• Children's education is expensive. In some countries, the government pays some of or all of the costs. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

• Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public transport systems. To what extent do you agree?

• Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people argue that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people say that it is acceptable to test medicine intended for people on animals. Others, however, believe that it is not right to use animals in this research. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people choose to eat no meat or fish. They believe that this is not only better for their own health but also benefits the world as a whole. Discuss this view and give your own opinion

• More and more people buy a wide range of electrical household goods like televisions, microwave ovens and rice cookers. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

• In many countries nowadays, young single people no longer stay with their parents until they are married, but leave to study or work somewhere else. Do you think this trend has more advantages or disadvantages?

• Some people think that it is a waste of money for countries to host big sporting events like the World Cup, and that the money would be better spent on other things. However, others think that hosting large sporting events has a clear, positive impact on a country. Discuss both these views and give your opinion

• In recent years, tourists have paid attention to preserving both the culture and environment of the places they visit. However, some people think that it is impossible to be a responsible tourist. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• As a part of education, students should spend a period of time studying and living in a different country to learn its language and culture. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the usage of others is rapidly declining. Is this a positive or a negative development?

• A rise in the standard of living in a country often only seems to benefit cities rather than rural areas. What problems can this cause? How might these problems be reduced?

• Rich countries often give money to poorer countries, but it does not solve poverty. Therefore, developed countries should give other types of help to poor countries rather than financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree

• Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful, but they are also likely to suffer from negative social consequences. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Nuclear energy is a better choice for meeting increasing demand. Do you agree or disagree?

• Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some people find it a positive development while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both points and give your own opinion

• The restoration of old buildings in major cities in the world costs numerous government expenditure. This money should be used in new housing and road development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people feel that the private lives of celebrities should not be openly shared by the media. To what extent do you agree or disagree

• Some people feel that the cost of space exploration is far too high for the benefits it brings while others argue that space programmes should continue no matter what the cost. Discuss both sides and give your opinion

• The tendency of human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of areas such as fashion and consumer goods. To what extent do you agree?

• Some people think that studying history is a waste of time while others think it is essential for us to learn history. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• It is important that we maintain and protect the beautiful buildings of the past, even if it is expensive for countries to do so. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• The increasing availability of low-cost airlines now lets people travel around the world. Some feel this is a positive development while others think it is negative overall. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion

• Some people think secondary school students should learn international news as one of their subjects, while others believe that this is a waste of valuable time. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Many people believe that family has the strongest influence on a child’s development, while others believe that external factors such as televisions, friends and music play a big role. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?

• Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

• Major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems. What are the problems that young people living in those cities are facing? Suggest some solutions

• People who cause their own illnesses through unhealthy lifestyles and poor diets should have to pay more for health care. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Some people think success in life comes from hard work and determination. Others think money and appearance are more important. Discuss both sides and give your opinion

• Some people think that living in big cities is bad for people’s health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• An increased number of people today change their career and living places in their lives. Is it a positive or negative development?

• Children can learn effectively by watching television. Therefore, they should be encouraged to watch television both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Many young people who leave school hold a negative attitude towards learning. Why does this happen? What are the solutions?

• Some people believe that if a police officer carries guns, it can encourage a higher level of violence. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some countries achieve international success by building specialized facilities to train top athletes, instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

• In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this happening? How should they be punished?

• Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• As transport and accommodation problems are increasing in many cities, some governments encourage businesses to move to rural areas. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people think that introducing new technology can improve people’s quality of life in developing countries. However, others believe that free education should be offered. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• Government funding should only be provided for the best students as scholarships. Other funding of universities should come from student fees and private organizations. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn about the culture of other people. We can learn just as much from books, films and the internet. Do you agree or disagree?

• It is better for people to be unemployed than being employed with a job they do not enjoy. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe that crime is a result of social problems and poverty, others think that crime is a result of a bad person's nature. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• In some countries, online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• Some people think that it is best to live in a horizontal city while others think of a vertical city. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Some people think that shops should not be allowed to sell food or drinks that are scientifically proven to be bad for people's health. Do you agree or disagree?

• Art classes, such as painting or drawing, are important for children's development, so they should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree?

• Leaders and directors in organizations are normally older people. Some people think that younger people could be leaders. Do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that there should be some strict controls about noise. Others think that they could just make as much noise as they want. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments, such as the South Pole. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given to the protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists, not local people. Why is this the case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit these places?

• Nowadays, many families have both parents working. Some working parents believe other family members like grandparents can take care of their children, while others think childcare centers provide the best care. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people think that famous people can help international aid organizations to draw attention to important problems. Others believe that celebrities can make the problems seem less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has had a negative effect on young people's reading and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Nowadays more and more older people who are looking for work have to compete with younger people for the same jobs. What problems does this cause? What are some possible solutions?

• Developments in technology have brought various environmental problems. Some believe that people need to live simpler lives to solve environmental problems. Others, however, believe technology is the way to solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Many people argue that in order to improve educational quality, high school students are encouraged to make comments or even criticism on their teachers. Others think it will lead to a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?

• Some people prefer to provide help or support directly to the local community. Others prefer to give money to national or international charitable organizations. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Some people argue that the government should give every unemployed person a mobile phone and should make sure they have access to the Internet. They believe this is the best way of using public money to reduce the problem of unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Most large companies nowadays operate multi-nationally. To what extent do multi-national companies have responsibility toward local communities in which they operate?

• People today do not feel safe either at home or when they are out. What are the causes? What are the solutions?

• Advertising discourages people from being different individuals by making us want to be or to look the same. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The world's natural resources are consumed at an ever-increased rate. What are the dangers of this situation? What should we do?

• Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that having these people to give a talk to teenagers is the best way to tell them about the dangers of committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?

• International travel sometimes makes people prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What may be the reasons for this? What can people do to improve their understanding of the countries they visit?

• Some think that the government should support retired people financially while others believe they should take care of themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Fewer and fewer people walk on a daily basis. What are the reasons and how to encourage them to spend their time walking?

• Everyone should become vegetarian because they do not need to eat meat to have a healthy diet. Do you agree or disagree?

• Studies show that many criminals have a low level of education. For this reason, people believe that the best way to reduce crime is to educate people in prison so they can get a job when they leave prison. Do you agree or disagree?

• Whether or not a person achieves their aims in life is mostly related to luck. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

• While many people go to university for academic study, more people should be encouraged to do vocational training because there is a lack of qualified workers such as electricians and plumbers. Do you agree or disagree?

• Nowadays, students can easily access information online, so libraries are no longer necessary. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Public celebrations (national days, festivals) are held in most countries. Some people say that these celebrations are a waste of money and we should spend money on more important things. Do you agree or disagree?

• Many people think there is a general increase of antisocial behavior and a lack of respect to others. What do you think are the causes of this and how to improve the situation?

• People should follow the customs and traditions when people start to live in a new country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Children are facing more pressures nowadays from academic, social and commercial perspectives. What are the causes of these pressures and what measures should be taken to reduce these pressures?

• It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people say that we do not need printed newspapers anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Although more and more people read the news on the Internet, newspapers will remain the most important source of news for the majority of people. Do you agree or disagree?

• Advertising is becoming more and more common in everyday life. Is this a positive or negative development?

• Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time in communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work such as teaching or building houses. Why? Who benefits more from this, the communities or these young people?

• In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What kinds of changes can occur? Do you think these changes are positive and negative?

• Some people think that it is good for a country’s culture to show imported foreign film and TV programmes. Others think that it is better to produce these locally. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• It is impossible to help all people in the world, so governments should focus on people in their own countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science subject. What are causes? And what will be the effects on society?

• In developing countries, children in rural communities have less access to education. Some people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and Internet access. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Nowadays, young people admire media and sports stars though they often do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

• It is suggested that everyone should have a car, a television and a fridge. Do disadvantages of this development for society outweigh advantages?

• Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? And how to increase its popularity?

• It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Studies have suggested that nowadays children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less time on active or creative things. What are the reasons? And what measures should be taken to encourage children to spend more time on active or creative things?

• Every day, millions of tons of food are wasted all over the world. Why do you think this is happening? And how can we solve this problem?

• . In many countries, government spent a large amount of money on improving internet access. Why is it happening and do you think it is the most appropriate use of government money?

• In many countries, people now wear western-style dresses such as suits and jeans rather than traditional clothing. Why is this happening? Is this a positive or negative development?

• Nowadays people use bicycles less as a form of transport. Why is this the case? What can we do to encourage people to use bicycles more?

• In some cities, people are choosing cars instead of bicycles, while in other cities riding bikes is replacing cars. Why is this the case? Which development do you think is better?

• Research has shown that overeating is as harmful as smoking. Therefore, the advertising of certain food products should be banned in the same way as the advertising of cigarettes in some countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, are the main sources in many countries. The use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, however, is being encouraged in many countries. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• Some people think that everyone has the right to have access to university education and that government should make it free for all students no matter what financial background they have. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food rather than food produced locally. Why do people buy imported food? What could be done to encourage people to buy local food?

• Many scientists believe that now we can study the behavior of a three-year-old child to see whether they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent do you think crime is determined by human nature? Is it possible to stop children from growing up to be criminals?

• Some people think that young people can learn useful skills by playing electronic and computer games. Others argue that people who play electronic and computer games are wasting their time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• The best way for governments to solve the problem of traffic congestion is by providing free public transport 24 hours per day, and seven days a week. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• As the number of cars increases, more money has to be spent on road systems. Some people think the government should pay for this. Others, however, think that the divers should cover the costs. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some people say that it is possible for a country to be both economically successful and have a clean environment. Others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• The animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in sea. What are the reasons and solutions?

• Some people believe that individuals are born with leadership skills. Others say that these skills can be developed with experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• Solving environmental problems should be the responsibility of an international organization rather than each national government. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• The only way to improve road safety is to give much stricter punishments for driving offenses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The tradition of families getting together to eat meals is disappearing. What are the reasons? What are the impacts?

• Some people think that newly built houses should follow the style of old houses in local areas. Others think that people should have freedom to build houses of their own styles. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• When designing a building, the most important factor is the intended use of the building rather than its outward appearance. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals, and that this money could be better spent on the human population. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• The media should include more stories which report good news. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In the modern world it is possible to shop, work and communicate with people via the internet and live without any face-to-face contact with others. Is it a positive or negative development in your opinion?

• For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In countries where there is high unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who will have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is believed that people who read for pleasure develop their imagination more and acquire better language skills compared to people who prefer watching a television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In some countries, parents expect their children to spend long time studying both in and after school and have less free time. What are the positive and negative effects on children and society they live in?

• As parents, they should be required to attend parenting courses every year to bring up their children well and give them a better environment for growth. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think watching TV is bad for children, while others think that watching TV has more beneficial effects on children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some think that young people should be free to choose any career they like, while others say that they should be more realistic about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• In some cases, people who break the law should be warned instead of receiving punishment. Do you agree or disagree?

• Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people believe that studying in a college or a university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career. However, others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical services should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages?

• Research into new types of medicine and treatments are essential for improving health and dealing with diseases. Who do you think should fund these researches: private companies, individuals or governments?

• In some countries, only a few young people go to classical music concerts or play classical music. Why is this the case? Should young people be encouraged to attend and learn more?

• Some people think that it is better for older school children to study a large number of subjects and develop a range of knowledge. Others argue that they should study a smaller number of subjects and focus on details. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Education for young people is important in many countries. However, others think the government should spend more money on education for the adult populations who cannot read and write. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Today people are surrounded by all types of advertisements. This both affects what people think is important and has a negative impact on people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think the government funding should not be used for supporting art and culture, while others think supporting cultural activities may be beneficial for the population and the culture. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays?

• The most important function of music is that it helps people reduce stress. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it. Others think students should spend time on important subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some people think that children should aim to do their best at what they are doing, while others believe it is not necessary for them. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• People say that it is a waste of time for high school students to learn literature, such as novels and poems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• It is suggested that primary school children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep animals. Do the advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages?

• The qualities that help people reach success in modern life cannot be learned in university or other academic institutions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Some people think that schools should choose students according to their academic abilities, while others think it is better to have students with different abilities studying together. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some people think children have the freedom to make mistakes, while other people believe that adults should prevent children from making mistakes. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

• Students should be taught academic knowledge so that they can pass exams, and skills such as cooking or dressing should not be taught. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Some teachers think that international student exchange would be beneficial for all teenage school students. Do you think its advantages will outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some people think that outdoor activities are more beneficial for children’s development than playing computer games. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In many workplaces, online communication is now more common than face-to-face meetings. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people think that the range of technology available to people is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. Others think it has the opposite effect. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Scientists predict in the near future cars will be driven by computers, not people. Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

• Most employers nowadays put an increasing emphasis on social skills. Some people believe that social skills are essential in addition to good qualifications for job success. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In some countries, people spend long hours at work. Why does this happen? Is it a positive or negative development?

• The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on having the same job or the same working conditions for life. Why is it the case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare people to work in the future?

• Some businesses find that their new employees lack basic interpersonal skills such as cooperative skills. What are the causes? Suggest possible solutions.

• In most successful companies, some people believe that communication between employers and workers is the most important factor. Other people say that other factors are more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• There have been many inventions in human history, such as the wheel. Some people think the most important thing is the internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• The increase in people’s life expectancy means that they have to work until an older age to pay for their retirement. One alternative is that people start to work at a younger age. Is this alternative a positive or negative development?

• Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Schools should focus on academic success and passing examinations. Skills such as cookery, dressmaking and woodwork should not be taught at school as it is better to learn these from family and friends. To that extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction, and a permanent job is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• In the future, there will be a higher proportion of older people than that of young people in many countries. Is it a positive or negative development?

• The best way to reduce youth crimes is to educate their parents with parental skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• It is difficult for people living in cities to get enough physical exercise. What are the causes and what solutions can be taken to solve the problem?

• People are having more and more sugar-based drinks. What are the reasons? What can be done to reduce sugary drink consumption?

• More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people think a solution can be to increase the price of fattening foods. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• People should look after their health as a duty to the society where they live, rather than for their own benefit. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Recent research has shown that business meetings and training are increasingly taking place online. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

• People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In many places, people’s lifestyles are changing rapidly, and this affects family relationships. Do you think the advantages of such developments outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people say that what children watch on TV influences their behaviour while others say the amount of time children spend watching TV influences their behaviour. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that, in today’s world, subjects like Science and Technology are more important than History. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• Some people believe that the only purpose of films is to entertain. Others say films should have educational value. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a film. Do you think this trend is positive or negative?

• Nowadays, there is a trend that reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to individuals and to society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that newspapers are the best way to learn news. However, others believe that they can get news better through another media platform. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• The news media have too much influence on people’s lives today and this is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Online shopping is increasing dramatically. How could this trend affect our environment and the kinds of jobs required?

• Shops in the countryside are fewer and fewer, so people tend to go to stores in the towns and cities, and then lead to their inconvenient life. Car use also causes pollution. Is this phenomenon more harmful than the end?

• In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?

• Many young people spend too much of their free time in shopping malls. Some people fear that this may have negative effects on young people and the society they live in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In order to be successful in sport, some people think you have to be physically strong. Others say that mental strength is more important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries. Why is this the case? Is it a positive development?

• Some cities create housing areas by providing taller buildings. Others create housing by building houses on a wider area of land. Which solution is better?

• When a new town is planned, it is more important to develop public parks and sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time in. To what extent do agree or disagree?

• With the growing population in cities, more and more people live in a home with small or no outdoor areas. Is it a positive or negative development?

• Cyclists and car drivers sharing the same road might cause some problems. What are the problems? What could be done to solve those problems?

• Today, TV channels provide more men’s sports shows than women’s sport shows. Why? Should TV channels give equal time for women’s sport and men’s sport?

• Scientists say that in the future humanity will speak the same language. Do you think this is a positive or negative social development?

• The best way to travel is traveling in a group led by a tour guide. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people. Why might this be the case? Do you think this is a positive or negative situation?

• More and more people no longer read newspaper or watch TV programs to get news. They get news about the world through the internet. Why? Is this a positive or negative development?

• The bar chart shows the percentage of small, medium, large companies which used social media for business purposes between 2012 to 2016. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant

• The charts below show the percentage of people working in different sectors in town A and B in 1960, 2010

• In many countries, plastic containers have become more popular than ever. They are used in many businesses, for example, the food and drink industries. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• In the future, nobody will buy printed newspapers or books because they will be able to read everything they want online without paying. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?

• Some people believe that the care of elderly people should be a priority of government spending. Others believe that government spending should focus more on young people, especially on their education. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The graph below gives information about U.S. government spending on research between 1980 and 2008. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words

• The plans below show a student room for two people and a student room for one person at an Australian University. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant

• Describe a new store/shop that just opened in your area

• An increasing number of people are choosing cosmetic surgery for changing their appearance. What can be the reasons for this? Do you think it’s a positive or negative development?

• Some people say that art (e.g. painting, music, poetry) can be made by everyone whereas others believe that it can be only made by those with special abilities. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The bar charts illustrate the average house expenses in England and its capital city – London, and to present the comparison regarding the average house prices between distinct areas of England within the year 2013

• Some people focus on news in their country, while others think it is more important to be aware of international news. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The diagram below show the stages in the recycling of aluminum drinks can. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant

• The line graph shows the percentage of spending in a European country from 1960 to 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant

• Some people say that outdoor activities bring more benefits to children’s development rather than computer games. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that sports play an important role in the development of society. Others think they are nothing more than a leisure activity. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• Some universities offer online courses as an alternative to classes delivered on campus. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion

• The table below shows information about age, average income per person and population below poverty line in three states in the USA. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting and make comparisons where relevant

• The diagrams show how the layout of a school library changed. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words

• It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g dinosaurs, dodos, etc.). There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Many companies today sponsor sports as a way of advertising themselves. Some people think that this is a good thing for the world of sports. Others think this has disadvantages. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion

• Some people think that it is good for a country's culture to import foreign movies and TV programs. Others think that it is better to produce these locally. Discuss both views and give your own opinion

• Many students find it harder to study when they are at university or college than when they were at school. Why is this? What can be done to solve the problem?

• With the growing population in cities, more and more people live in a home with small or no outdoor areas. Is it a positive or negative development?

• Some people only find advertisements amusing or annoying, and they believe consumers are not influenced by advertisements when they shop. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Individuals should not be allowed to carry guns as it increases crime and violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. You should write at least 250 words for each answer.

• The map below shows the changes that have taken place at the waterfront area of a town called Darwin between 2009 and 2014.

• The plans below show a traditional and modern two-storey Japanese house. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• Young people are now spending more and more time and money following fashion trends. What are the reasons? Is this a negative or positive development?

• The diagram shows the consumption of renewable energy in the USA from 1949-2008. Write a 150-word report for a university lecturer identifying the main trends and making comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• Some people believe that children should be encouraged to read books in their free time instead of playing video games or watching TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• Modern technology has made it easier for individuals to download copyrighted music and books from the internet for no charge. To what extent is this a positive or a negative development?

• Some people believe that people who read books can develop more imagination and language skills than those who prefer to watch TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving a car or motorbike. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production in France in two years. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The two plans below compare the layout of a typical Japanese office and a typical American office. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• Some people believe that it is more important to teach children the literature and history of their own country, rather than the literature and history of other countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The diagram below the process of producing bottled and canned carbonate drinks. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making comparisons where appropriate.

• Cyclists and car drivers sharing the same road might cause some problems. What are the problems? What could be done to solve those problems?

• Some education systems make students focus on certain subjects at the age of 15, while others require students to study a wide range of subjects until they leave school. What are the benefits of each system? Which is better?

• It is important for people to take risks, both in their professional lives and their personal lives. Do you think the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.

• Although more and more people read news on the Internet, newspapers will remain the most important source of news for the majority of people. Do you agree or disagree?

• The charts below show changes in the proportion of energy produced from different resources in a country in 1985 and 2003. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

• Some people believe that a crime is a result of social problems and poverty, others think that crime is a result of a bad person’s nature. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• It costs a lot of money for a country to host an international sports event, such as the Olympic Games and Football World Cup. Some people think that this is a waste of money, but others believe the opposite. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

• The chart below shows the results of three surveys on absenteeism in a particular European country in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results show the reasons people gave for not going to work.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The line graph shows value changes in the UK steel industry between 1970 and 2000 while the second line chart shows employment status in the same industry.

• The chart below compares the number of people per household by percentage in the UK in 1981 and 2001. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The chart below shows the expenditure on three categories among different age groups of residents in the UK in 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age. Some think they should begin at at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

• Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will be no longer necessary because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer. Do you agree or disagree?

• More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people say that the price increase of fattening foods will solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• The society would benefit from a ban on all forms of advertising because it serves no useful purpose, and can even be damaging. Do you agree or disagree?

• The picture below shows the recycling process of wasted glass bottles.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The line graph shows oil production and consumption in China between 1982 and 2006. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The chart compares worldwide production of bicycles and cars over a fifty-year period. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The map shows the changes to a residence hall between 2010 and the present. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• Today more people put their private information (address, telephone and plastic card numbers) online to do their daily activities (banking, shopping, socializing). Is this a positive or negative development?

• Many people aspire to a balance between work and other parts of their lives, but few achieve it. What are the problems in trying to achieve this and how can these problems be overcome?

• The maps below give information about a plan to redevelop an industrial site. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The table below shows information about age, average income per person and population below poverty line in three states in USA.

• The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities. Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

• The diagram details the process of making smoked fish. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

• The bar chart shows expectations for change of European young people in the next 20 years in five different areas. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• Some people think that schools should stop teaching students by using books, because students find them boring and that children can learn from films, TV, video games and computers instead. To what extent do you agree?

• The graph below shows a typical American and a Japanese office. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and comparisons where relevant.

• Some people think that certain old buildings are more worth preserving than the other ones. Which types of old buildings should be preserved? Do you think that the advantages of preserving these old buildings outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some cities create housing areas by providing taller buildings. Others create housing by building houses on a wider area of land. Which solution is better?

• The diagram shows how rainwater is collected for the use of drinking water in an Australian town. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features of the graph and make comparisons where relevant.

• The picture below shows the plan of a museum in 1998 and after some changes were made in 2008. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

• People in many countries spend more and more time far away from their families. Why does this happen and what effects will it have on them and their families?

• Many young people change their jobs and careers. What are the reasons for this? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

• Some school leavers go travelling or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. Do you think this has more advantages or disadvantages for their study?

• The chart shows the proportion of renewable energy in the total energy supply in 4 countries from 1997 to 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• The diagram gives information about the process of making carbonated drinks. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• The plans below show student accommodation buildings in 2010 and now. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• The maps below show the changes in the art gallery ground floor in 2015 and present day.

• Online shopping is increasing dramatically. How could this trend affect our environment and the kinds of jobs required?

• Some people argue job satisfaction is more important than job security. Others believe a permanent job is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• Some people think that social media has a negative impact on young people. Do you agree or disagree?

• It is more important to spend public money promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Countries should try to produce all the food for the population and import as little food as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Some people say that music is a good way of bringing people of different cultures and ages together. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

• The diagram shows how an LED (light emitting diode) flashlight works. Provide an overview of the information by identifying and describing the key details, and include comparisons where appropriate

• The maps show a road system as it is now and the proposed changes in future to reduce the number of accidents

• These days many parents pressure their children to be successful. What are the reasons for this? Is this a positive or negative development?

• Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical services should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages?

• People who decide on a career path early in their lives and keep it are more likely to have a satisfying working life than those who change jobs frequently. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles. What are the changes occurring? Do you think these changes are positive or negative?

• The graph shows the average Japanese month salary (Yen) from 1970 to 2000, and the prices of black and white televisions and color televisions during the same period

• It is suggested that all the young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community. Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and the young people?

• The table below shows the changing value in which China achieved by exporting five types of goods over the two years of 2009 and 2010, measured in $HK Billion

• Some people think that governments should change the way individuals live, while others believe they should choose the way themselves. Discuss these both points of view and give your opinion?

• Nowadays, celebrities earn more money than politicians. What are the reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development?

• The graph below shows the average house prices in 3 countries between the years 1997-2014. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant

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