Unless, As long as, Provided/providing trong tiếng Anh

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Unless, As long as, Provided/providing trong tiếng Anh

Đây đều là các từ đều có nghĩa tương đương "if", sử dụng trong trường hợp đưa ra một giả định và sự việc kèm theo giả định đó.

1. Unless

Unless = except if (= trừ phi, trừ khi).

Cấu trúc Unless + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa, mệnh đề chính hoặc Mệnh đề chính + unless + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa.

Lưu ý: Khi mệnh đề chính đứng sau mệnh đề bổ nghĩa với Unless, cần có dấu phảy (,) ở giữa 2 mệnh đề.

Ví dụ:

• The club is for members only. (Câu lạc bộ chỉ dành cho các thành viên của nó) > You can't go in unless you are a member. (Bạn không thể vào được trừ khi bạn là một thành viên)

• I'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (= except if I have to work late) > Tôi sẽ gặp bạn vào ngày mai trừ trường hợp tôi phải làm việc muộn.

• Don't tell Sue what I said unless she asks you. (= except if she asks you) > Đừng kể với Sue những gì tôi nói trừ phi cô ấy hỏi bạn.

Ta thường dùng unless trong những lời có tính chất cảnh cáo.

Ví dụ: 

• We'll be late unless we hurry. (= except if we hurry) > Chúng ta sẽ trễ mất nếu chúng ta không khẩn trương.

• Unless you work much harder, you won't pass the exam. > Nếu bạn không học chăm chỉ hơn, bạn sẽ không thi đậu đâu.

• I was told I wouldn't pass the exam unless I worked harder. > Tôi đã được nhắc nhở rằng sẽ không thi đậu nếu không học chăm chỉ hơn.

2. As long as

As long as hoặc So long as nghĩa là "miễn là, chỉ cần". Trong đó, So long as mang tính trang trọng hơn.

Cấu trúc As long as/So long as + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa, mệnh đề chính hoặc Mệnh đề chính + as long as/so long as + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa.

Lưu ý: Khi mệnh đề chính đứng sau mệnh đề bổ nghĩa với As long as/So long as, cần có dấu phảy (,) ở giữa 2 mệnh đề.

Ví dụ: 

• As long as it is free, I will go. ( Miễn là nó miễn phí, tôi sẽ đi)

• You are allowed to go as long as you let us know when you arrive. ( Bạn được phép đi miễn là bạn cho chúng tôi biên khi nào bạn sẽ đi)

• You can borrow the car so long as you don’t drive too fast.

( Bạn có thể mượn chiếc xe này miễn là bạn không đi quá nhanh)

3. Provided that/ Providing that

Provided that có nghĩa tương tự "if" = nếu.

Cấu trúc: Provided that + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa, mệnh đề chính hoặc Mệnh đề chính + provided that + mệnh đề bổ nghĩa.

Lưu ý: Khi mệnh đề chính đứng sau mệnh đề bổ nghĩa với Provided that, cần có dấu phảy (,) ở giữa 2 mệnh đề.

Ví dụ: 

• We'll be there at about 7.30, provided that there's a suitable train.

• Provided that there are enough seats, anyone can come on the trip.

• Provided that the boat leaves on time, we should reach France by morning.

Ngoài ra, có thể thay Provided that bằng Provided; Providing, Providing that.

Providing (that) phổ biến hơn khi nói; provided (that) phổ biến hơn khi viết.

Ví dụ: 

• You can get a senior citizen’s reduction providing you’ve got a railcard.

• They may do whatever they like provided it is within the law.

Bài tập ứng dụng

Bài 1:  Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.

1 You must try a bit harder, or you won’t pass the exam.

You won’t pass the exam unless you try a bit harder.

2 Listen carefully, or you won’t know what to do.

You won’t know what to do…………………

3 She must apologise to me, or I’ll never speak to her again.

4 You have to speak very slowly, or he won’t understand you.

5 Business must improve soon, or the company will have to close.

6 We need to do something soon, or the problem will get worse.

Bài 2: Write sentences with unless.

1 The club isn’t open to everyone. You’re allowed in only if you’re a member.

You aren’t allowed in the club unless you’re a member.

2 I don’t want to go to the party alone. I’m going only if you go too.

I’m not going………………….

3 Don’t worry about the dog. It will chase you only if you move suddenly.

The dog……………

4 Ben isn’t very talkative. He’ll speak to you only if you ask him something.

Ben……………

5 Today is a public holiday. The doctor will see you only if it’s an emergency.

The doctor……………

Đáp án

Bài 1

2 You won’t know what to do unless you listen carefully.

3 I’ll never speak to her again unless she apologises (to me). or Unless she apologises (to me), I’ll …

4 He won’t understand you unless you speak very slowly. or Unless you speak very slowly, he …

5 The company will have to close unless business improves soon. or

Unless business improves soon, the company …

6 The problem will get worse unless we do something soon. or Unless we do something soon, the problem …

Bài 2

2 I’m not going (to the party) unless you go too. / … unless you’re going too.

3 The dog won’t chase you unless you move suddenly.

4 Ben won’t speak to you unless you ask him something.

5 The doctor won’t see you unless it’s an emergency. / … unless it’s an emergency.

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Choose the correct answers A, B, C, or D for the following sentences.

1. We can win the championship, ________ we avoid bad injuries.

A. providing                                B. unless

2. I will leave now, ________ there is anything left to do now.

A. unless                                      B. as long as

3. We can hold the party in the garden ________ it doesn’t rain.

A. provided                                  B. unless

4. The public will be admitted to the galleries, ________ they make a donation.

A. unless                                      B. providing

5. You can keep the puppy ________ you promise to take care of it.

Select 2 correct answers

A. as long as

B. provided that

C. unless

6. You can take my car ________ you drive carefully.

A. as long as                                B. provided that

C. either could be used here

7. I can’t help you ________ you tell me what is wrong.

A. unless                                      B. providing

8. You won’t pass the exam ________ you try a bit harder.

A. unless                                      B. provided that

9. He wouldn’t eat anything ________ he cooked it himself.

A. providing                                B. unless

10. You can take this seat, ________ no one has reserved it.

A. provided that                           B. providing

C. as long as                                D. All are correct

11. My parents don’t care who I marry ________ I am happy.

A. as long as                                B. unless

12. You can go out now ________ you finish your homework first.

A. providing                                B. provided that

C. as long as                                D. All are correct

Đáp án:

1. A	2. A	3. A	4. B	5. A / B	6. A
7. A	8. A	9. B	10. D	11. A	12. D

Exercise 2. Choose the correct word or phrase.

1. Shouldn’t you / Should you not receive any confirmation email, you can ring this number to report the problem.

2. As far / long as you try hard, you will get rewarding results .

3. I will come to the meeting on your behalf on / in condition that you look after my son.

4. In / At case the storm worsens, you should prepare more food for your family.

5. I will borrow her hair dryer if she could / should bring one.

Đáp án:

1. Should you not

2. long

3. on

4. In

5. should

Exercise 3. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. If the restaurant (be) ______ open tonight, we (have) ______ our dinner there.

2. You can't leave work early unless you (finish) ______ all your papers.

3. Provided I (have) ______ time after school, I (go) ______ to the playground.

4. You can ring my number if there happens to (be) ______ anyone asking for me.

Đáp án:

1. is / will be

2. finish

3. have / will be

4. be

Exercise 4. Write one word in each gap.

1. As _______ as we stop littering, the environment will be less polluted.

2. You can hang out with your friends tonight on _______ that you finish your homework.

3. You should pay attention when driving, _______ you might cause an accident.

4. I will give you a lift to work tomorrow _______ that you help me with my task.

5. We will hire a tent _______ they prepare one for us.

Đáp án:

1. long

2. condition

3. otherwise

4. provided / providing

5. unless

Xem thêm các loạt bài Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:

• Cách phân biệt On time và In time
• Cách sử dụng many & much
• Cách sử dụng All – All of
• Cách sử dụng As trong Tiếng Anh
• Cách sử dụng Both/ Both and / Both of

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