Sở hữu cách trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết

---

---

Sở hữu cách trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết

I. Định nghĩa và phân loại 

Sở hữu cách được hiểu là cấu trúc ngữ pháp, nhằm diễn tả quyền sở hữu của một cá nhân, hay một nhóm người với người hoặc sự vật khác. Sở hữu cách được phân loại dựa theo loại từ, gồm có: đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu, và danh từ sở hữu.

- Đại từ sở hữu: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs.

- Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, her, his, its, our, their.

- Danh từ sở hữu: Đối với danh từ, để thể hiện sở hữu cách, người ta thường dùng ‘S hoặc OF trước các danh từ.

II. Các thể của sở hữu cách

Muốn sử dụng đúng sở hữu cách, bạn cần chú ý đến danh từ cần thể hiện quan hệ sở hữu (danh từ đứng trước). Tùy theo loại danh từ, mà sở hữu cách được sử dụng dựa theo một trong các trường hợp sau đây:

Danh từ số ít: Sở hữu được thể hiện bằng cách thêm ‘S phía sau danh từ.

Eg: The girl’s leg was broken in car accident two days ago. (Chân của cô gái bị gãy trong vụ tai nạn xe hơi hai ngày trước.)

Danh từ số nhiều tận cùng bằng S: Sở hữu thể hiện bằng cách thêm chỉ thêm dấu nháy đơn, bỏ S. Mời tham khảo ví dụ dưới đây:

Eg: Her students’ exam results make her worry about their ability to pass the graduation exams. (Kết quả kiểm tra của học sinh khiến cô ấy lo lắng về khả năng chúng có thể vượt qua kỳ thi tốt nghiệp.)

Danh từ số nhiều không tận cùng bằng S: Trong một số trường hợp bất quy tắc, danh từ khi chuyển sang dạng số nhiều không thêm -s/-es, sở hữu cách vẫn thể hiện dưới dạng ‘S như thường lệ.

Eg: In modern life, women’s role in society has grown up. (Trong cuộc sống hiện đại, vai trò của người phụ nữ trong xã hội ngày càng nâng cao.)

III. Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ

Đối với một số danh từ chỉ sự vật không tồn tại sự sống, khi các danh từ này được nhân cách hóa như một con người, thì có thể sử dụng hình thức sở hữu cách ‘S:

Eg: Nature’s laws have a great influence on human life. (Những quy luật của tự nhiên có ảnh hưởng to lớn tới đời sống con người.)

Sở hữu cách dạng ‘S cũng được dùng trước các danh từ biểu thị thời gian, không gian và trọng lượng.

Eg: In a year’s time, they made many effective reforms to overcome the crisis. (Trong thời gian một năm, họ đã thực hiện nhiều cải cách hiệu quả để vượt qua thời kỷ khủng hoảng.)

Sở hữu cách của các đại từ liên quan đến thương mại, kinh doanh, nghề nghiệp hoặc danh từ riêng thường có ý nghĩa biểu thị địa điểm kinh doanh, hoặc tòa nhà, địa chỉ của cá nhân. Ví dụ dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn hiểu hơn về cách dùng này.

Eg:

– In his last trip to Da Lat, he went to the barker’s twice. (Trong chuyến du lịch tới Đà Lạt lần trước, anh ấy đã đến cửa hàng bánh mỳ đó hai lần.) – the barker’s = the barker’s shop

– Tonight, we will have a party at Jack’s. (Jack’s = Jack’s house). (Tối nay, chúng tôi sẽ có một bữa tiệc tại nhà Jack.

IV. Bài tập

Exercise 1: Fill the gaps with the possessive case of nouns. Decide whether you have to use 's or of

1. The boy has a toy.

→ It's the __________.

2. Peter has a book.

→ It's __________.

3. The magazine has my picture on its cover.

→ My picture is on __________.

4. Our friends live in this house.

→ It's __________.

5. There is milk in the glass.

→ It's __________.

6. This house has a number.

→ What is__________?

7. The walk lasts two hours.

→ It's __________.

8. John has a sister, Jane.

→ Jane is __________.

9. The film has a name, "Scream".

→ "Scream" is __________.

10. This school is for girls only.

 → It's a __________.

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with the possessive case of nouns

1. This is _____book. (Peter)

2. Let's go to the_____. (Smiths)

3. The _____room is upstairs. (children)

4. _____ sister is twelve years old. (John)

5. _____and _____school is old. (Susan - Steve)

6. _____shoes are on the second floor. (men)

7. My _____car was not expensive. (parents)

8. _____CD player is new. (Charles)

9. This is the _____bike. (boy)

10. These are the _____pencils. (boys)

Key : Exercise 1: Fill the gaps with the possessive case of nouns. Decide whether you have to use 's or of

1. It's the boy's toy.

2. It's Peter's book.

3. My picture is on the cover of the magazine.

4. It's our friends' house.

5. It's a glass of milk.

6. What is the number of this house?

7. It's a two-hours' walk.

8. Jane is John's sister.

9. "Scream" is the name of the film.

10. It's a girls' school.

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with the possessive case of nouns

1. This is Peter's book.

2. Let's go to the Smiths'.

3. The children's room is upstairs.

4. John's sister is twelve years old.

5. Susan and Steve's school is old.

6. Men's shoes are on the second floor.

7. My parents' car was not expensive.

8. Charles's CD player is new.

9. This is the boy's bike.

10. These are the boys' pencils.

V. Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences.

1. Dave and Susan are husband and wife. Susan is Dave _______ wife.

2. Anne is the owner of this car. It's Anne _______ car.

3. The king and queen live in a very beautiful palace. The king and queen_______ palace is splendid.

4. We were having a party at James _______ house last night.

5. All the students have put their books on the shelf. All students _______ books are on the shelf.

6. My brother was born on 12^th August. The 12^th of August is my brother _______ birthday.

7. Mrs Parker makes delicious cakes. Mrs. Parker _______ cakes are delicious.

8. My grandparents have a house next to us. My grandparents _______ house is next to ours.

9. Mr and Mrs Potter have a son, Harry. Mr and Mrs Potter are Harry _______ parents.

Đáp án:

1. Dave’s wife	2. Anne’s car	3. The king and queen’s palace
4. James’ house	5. All students’ book	6. my brother’s birthday
7. Mrs. Parker’s cake	8. My grandparents’ house	9. Harry’s parents

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences with the possessive case of nouns.

1. The football of Jack. → ________________

2. The words of Jesus. → ________________

3. The house of her friends. → ________________

4. The brother of James. → ________________

5. The dresses of the stewardesses. → ________________

6. Andy has a beautiful doll. → ________________

7. The children have a great English teacher. → ________________

8. Josh has a new car. → ________________

9. Mrs. Clinton has a blue shirt. → ________________

Đáp án:

1. Jack’s football

2. Jesus’ words

3. her friends’ house

4. James’ brother

5. the stewardesses’ dresses

6. Andy’s beautiful doll

7. The children’s great English teacher

8. Josh’s new car

9. Mrs. Clinton’s blue shirt

Exercise 3. Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. A friend wants to ride _______. (Tom/ bike)

2. Her father is called Chandler and her _______  (mother/ name) is Monica.

3. These cakes belong to the boys. The _______ (cakes/ girls) are over there.

4. The car belongs to Minh, so it is _______ (car/ Minh).

5. Mark and Mary sleep in the same room. Jack points to a bed: “This is my _______ (sister/ bed)”.

6. My mother and father sleep here. This is my _______ (parents/ room).

Đáp án:

1. Tom’s bike	2. mother’s name	3. girls’ cakes
4. Minh’s car	5. sister’s bed	6. parents’ room

Exercise 4. Give the correct form.

1. The cat food is on the table.

2. That is Linda bicycle.

3. The children toys are in the playroom.

4. The teacher desk is tidy.

5. I love Mary dress.

6. That is Hoa car. 

7. It is the girl book. 

8. The children room is downstairs. 

9. Let’s go to the Switters house. 

10. Those are the girls pens.

Đáp án:

1. The cat’s food is on the table.	6. That is Hoa’s car.
2. That is Linda’s bicycle.	7. It is the girl’s book.
3. The children’s toys are in the playroom.	8. The children’s room is downstairs.
4. The teacher’s desk is tidy.	9. Let’s go to the Switters’ house.
5. I love Mary’s dress.	10. Those are the girls’ pens.

Exercise 5. Identify the component indicating the possession way in the following sentences.

1. Tom’s car is in the shop for repairs.

2. The teacher’s book is on the desk.

3. My friend’s house is painted blue.

4. The cat’s tail is fluffy.

5. The artist’s masterpiece sold for a record price at the auction.

6. The marathon runner’s incredible speed amazed everyone at the race.

7. The chef’s secret recipe is known only to a few.

8. The lawyer’s persuasive argument won the court case.

Đáp án:

1. Tom’s car	5. The artist’s masterpiece
2. The teacher’s book	6. The marathon runner’s incredible speed
3. My friend’s house	7. The chef’s secret recipe
4. The cat’s tail	8. The lawyer’s persuasive argument

VI. Bài tập tự luyện

Task 1. Viết hình thức sở hữu của các danh từ.

1. (Billy): _______________ opinion

2. (my mum): _______________ cooking

3. (our next door neighbors): _______________ cat

4. (George the Fifth): _______________ daughter

5. (people): _______________ prejudices

6. (the Greenes): _______________ holiday home

7. (women): _______________ magazines

8. (the boss): _______________ car

9. (Jack and Jill): _______________ wedding

10. (students): _______________ marks

11. (children): _______________ shoes

12. (politicians): _______________ promises

Đáp án:

1. Billy’s	2. my mum’s	3. our next door neighbors’
4. George the Fifth’s	5. people’s	6. the Greenes’
7. women’s	8. the boss’s	9. Jack and Jill’s
10. students’	11. children’s	12. politicians’

 

Task 2. Chọn và điền từ đúng từ các từ cho sẵn.

        her       hers        it’s        its         mine         my       their        theirs

1. Tell Michelle that it’s my problem, not _______.

2. Are you sure this isn’t _______, because it looks just like the one I was given for Christmas?

3. Thanks for the offer, but I think I’ll use _______ own money.

4. I saw a wallet on the floor next to a couple of tourists and asked them if it was _______.

5. Remind your sister to bring _______ book to the lesson tomorrow.

6. I’m not sure, but I think _______ Mark’s bag, isn’t it?

7. Could you make sure that your children don’t leave _______ toys in my garden again, please?

8. What secrets do you think the Moon might be hiding within _______ craters?

Đáp án:

1. hers

2. mine

3. my

4. theirs

5. her

6. it’s

7. their

8. its

Task 3. Tìm từ thừa trong mỗi dòng, tích ✔ nếu dòng không có từ thừa.

FIRST DAY AT WORK

1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. ______

Well, Trisha, that’s my own first day at my new job out of the way. I wasn’t sure what to expect, but it turned out okay. My manager was really nice, much nicer than yours boss sounds from your letter. No sooner had I arrived at work than he made me a cup of tea! It’s was a really pleasant surprise. Not only did he do that, but he was also kind enough to explain to me how everything worked. The office is really modern and its comfortable. The other people all have their own desks, but mine desk still hasn’t been delivered, so I’m sharing with someone else for now. Little did I realise when I took the job that I was going to enjoy it so much. I have finally found a job that I’m happy in, and so will you have its, I’m sure. Hope tomorrow’s as much fun!

Đáp án:

1. own 2. ✔ 3. boss 4. ‘s 5. ✔ 6. its 7. desk 8. ✔ 9. ✔ 10. its

Well, Trisha, that’s my own first day at my new job out of the way. I wasn’t sure what to expect, but it turned out okay. My manager was really nice, much nicer than yours boss sounds from your letter. No sooner had I arrived at work than he made me a cup of tea! It’s was a really pleasant surprise. Not only did he do that, but he was also kind enough to explain to me how everything worked. The office is really modern and its comfortable. The other people all have their own desks, but mine desk still hasn’t been delivered, so I’m sharing with someone else for now. Little did I realise when I took the job that I was going to enjoy it so much. I have finally found a job that I’m happy in, and so will you have its, I’m sure. Hope tomorrow’s as much fun!

Task 4. Điền vào chỗ trống dùng từ gợi ý.

1. If we leave our house at 5 o’clock and drive to the airport, we arrive at about 8.

➔ So it’s about _________________________ from our house to the airport. (drive)

2. If we leave our house at 6:45 and walk to the center, we get there at 7.

➔ So it takes _________________________ from our house to the center. (walk)

3. We are going on holiday on the 14th. We have to be back at work on the 29th.

➔ So we have got _________________________ (holiday)

4. She went to sleep at 3 o’clock this morning, and then she woke up an hour later. After that she couldn’t sleep again.

➔ So last night she only had _________________________ (sleep)

Đáp án:

1. three hours’ drive                                   2. fifty minutes’ walk

3. a fifteen days’ holiday/ a two weeks’ holiday

4. an hour’s sleep

Task 5. Viết lại câu dùng sở hữu cách.

1. The meeting on Monday has been postponed.

➔ ____________________________________

2. The winter last year caused great damage.

➔ ____________________________________

3. The only cinema in the town has closed down.

➔ ____________________________________

4. The weather in the UK is very changeable.

➔ ____________________________________

5. Energy is the main industry in Houston.

➔ ____________________________________

Đáp án:

1. Monday’s meeting has been postponed.

2. Last year’s winter caused great damage.

3. The town’s only cinema has closed down.

4. The UK’s weather is very changeable.

5. Houston’s main industry is energy.

Xem thêm các loạt bài Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:

• Thứ tự tính từ: tính từ trước danh từ
• Tính từ + one/ones và tính từ dùng như đại từ
• Tính từ đuôi ing và ed
• Các dạng thức của động từ: to infinitive và Ving
• Các dạng thức của động từ: to V và Ving

---

---

---