Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 12 Global Success (có lời giải)

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Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 12: Life on other planets sách Global Success có đáp án chi tiết giúp học sinh lớp 8 ôn tập để học tốt môn Tiếng Anh 8.

Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 12 Global Success (có lời giải)

A. GRAMMAR

I. Reported speech (questions) – Câu tường thuật ( dạng câu hỏi)

1. Câu tường thuật là gì?

        Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) hay còn gọi là câu gián tiếp, được sử dụng để thuật lại lời nói của người khác mà vẫn giữ nguyên nội dung gốc. Khi chuyển sang dạng này, lời nói không còn được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép như trong câu trực tiếp.

Ví dụ:

Câu trực tiếp: Tom asked, “Do you like coffee?”

→ Câu tường thuật: Tom asked if I liked coffee.

Câu trực tiếp: She asked, “Are you tired?”

→ Câu tường thuật: She asked if I was tired.

2. Các bước chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

a. Đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ

	Lời nói trực tiếp	Lời nói gián tiếp
Đại từ nhân xưng	I	He/ she
	We	They
	You	I/ we, he, she
Tính từ sở hữu	My	His/ her
	Our	Their
	Your	My
Đại từ sở hữu	Mine	His/ hers
	Ours	Their
	Yours	Mine
Đại từ tân ngữ	Me	Him/ her
	Us	Them
	You	Me/ him/ her

b. Chuyển thời động từ

Thông thường ta chỉ lùi thì khi động từ giới thiệu say, tell, ask, etc. chia ở thời quá khứ đơn. Không lùi thời khi các động từ trên chia ở hiện tại đơn.

Quy tắc lùi thời được tóm gọn trong bảng sau:

Lời nói trực tiếp	Lời nói gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn (S + Vs/es )	Quá khứ đơn (S + Ved)
Hiện tại tiếp diễn (S + is/am/are + Ving)	Quá khứ tiếp diễn (S + was/were + Ving)
Hiện tại hoàn thành (S + has/ have + PII)	Quá khứ hoàn thành (S + had + PII)
Quá khứ đơn (S + Ved)	Quá khứ hoàn thành (S + had + PII)
Quá khứ tiếp diễn (S + was/ were + Ving)	Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (S + had been + Ving)
Quá khứ hoàn thành (S + had + PII)	Giữ nguyên
Tương lai đơn (S + will + V)	S + would V
Tương lai gần (S + am/ is/ are + going to V)	Was/ were + going to V
Must	Had to
Can	Could
May	Might
Câu điều kiện loại I	Câu điều kiện loại II

c. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

Trực tiếp	Gián tiếp
Tomorrow	The next day / the following day
Yesterday	The day before / the previous day
Last + danh từ thời gian	The previous + danh từ thời gian
	The + danh từ thời gian + before
Next + danh từ thời gian	The following + danh từ thời gian
	The next + danh từ thời gian
This	That
These	Those
Here	There
Now	Then
Today	That day
Ago	Before

3. Cách chuyển sang câu gián tiếp với từng loại câu cụ thể

• Câu nghi vấn

a. Yes/ no question

Vì bản chất của câu gián tiếp là thuật lại lời nói nên ta chuyển câu nghi vấn về dạng khẳng định bằng cách bỏ trợ động từ (auxiliary) và dấu hỏi chấm.

Tiếp đó, ta lùi thời động từ chính theo đúng quy tắc. Sau đó thực hiện chuyển đổi như với câu trần thuật.

CHÚ Ý: Ta không dùng that ở câu nghi vấn. Thay vào đó, if/ whether được sử dụng.

CẤU TRÚC:

“Auxiliary + S1 + V?”, S2 said/ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know.

⇒ S2 + asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + if/ whether + S1 + V (lùi thời)

Ví dụ:

Steve asked his teacher: “Do we have to hand in the assignment tomorrow?”

Steve asked his teacher if they had to hand in the assignment the following day.

b. Câu hỏi thông tin wh-questions:

CẤU TRÚC:

“WH-ques + auxiliary + S1 + V?” S2 said/ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know.

⇒ S2 asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + WH-ques + S1 + V (lùi thời).

Ví dụ:

Mr. Smith said to me, “Why did you go with my father last week?”

Mr. Smith asked me why I had gone with his father the week before.

B. PRACTICE

Bài 1: Gạch chân lựa chọn đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu.

1. Peter asked me if / how I had ever visited NASA.

2. My sister asked me what I was doing now / then.

3. Mai wanted to know when / whether Mercury was discovered.

4. Jim asked his teacher whether there is / was life on other planets.

5. My teacher told us that the Earth moves / moved around the sun.

6. Brown asked whether / who Emily complained about the film.

7. Mrs. Smith asked her husband when he was travelling / is travelling for business.

8. My director asked me whether I hadn’t / haven’t finished my project.

9. I asked her what / if they felt tired after the long walk.

10. She asked me whether I can / could do her a favor.

11. My mother wanted to know who be / was at the door.

12. He asked me where I had been all this / that time.

13. The salesman asked Mr. Thomson which of these / those shirts he liked best.

14. I asked Frank what they were arguing about over here / there.

15. The little boy asked his mother if they came next day / the following day.

Bài 2: Đọc câu hỏi và lựa chọn câu tường thuật chính xác.

1. “Where did you go on holiday?”

A. He asked us where we did go on holiday.

B. He asked us where we went on holiday.

2. “Do you know about the Snowman?”

A. He asked me if I knew about the Snowman.

B. He asked me if I know about the Snowman.

3. “Will you set off early?”

A. She asked me would I set off early.

B. She asked me if I would set off early.

4. “Do you want a new laptop?”

A. My dad asked me did I want a new laptop.

B. My dad asked me if I wanted a new laptop.

5. “Can I borrow your calculator?”

A. Mai asked if she can borrow my calculator.

B. Mai asked if she could borrow my calculator.

6. “Where is the public library?”

A. They asked where the public library was.

B. They asked where was the public library.

7. “What can I do in the club?”

A. Nick asked me what he could do in the club.

B. Nick asked me what can he do in the club.

Bài 3: Viết câu tường thuật dựa trên câu hỏi đã cho.

1. “When do you clean your shoes?”

à She asked him _________________________________________

2. “Where do you often go swimming?”

à She asked me __________________________________________

3. “What are you listening to?”

à We asked him ___________________________________________

4. “What will you do with the prize money?”

à They asked us ___________________________________________

5. “When will you get a new bicycle?”

à He asked me ____________________________________________

6. “What sports do you play?”

à The doctor asked him ______________________________________

7. “Why are you in a hurry?”

à I asked my father _________________________________________

8. “Where did you park your car?”

à I asked her ______________________________________________

Bài 4: Viết câu tường thuật, sử dụng từ gợi ý trong ngoặc đơn.

1. “What’s your name?” he asked. (wanted to know)

_________________________________________________________

2. “How old are you?” she said. (asked)

_________________________________________________________

3. “Who will you see at the meeting?” my mother said. (asked)

_________________________________________________________

4. “When does the train leave?” I asked. (wanted to know)

_________________________________________________________

5. “How do you get to school?” she said. (asked)

_________________________________________________________

6. “Why can’t you come to the party?” she asked. (asked)

_________________________________________________________

7. “Where do you live?” the boy asked. (wanted to know)

_________________________________________________________

8. “Who do you want to talk to at the meeting?” she said. (asked)

_________________________________________________________

9. “Why are you so late?” the teacher said. (demanded to know)

_________________________________________________________

10. “Why won’t you let me in the stadium?” the man said to the guard. (wanted to know)

_________________________________________________________

Bài 5: Dựa vào câu tường thuật để viết câu trực tiếp.

1. Can you tell me how old you are?

“How ___________________________________________________________?’

2. Can you tell me how you made this cake?

“How ___________________________________________________________?’

3. I’d like to know when you arrived.

“When __________________________________________________________?’

4. I’d like to know when she’ll be ready.

“When __________________________________________________________?’

5. Can you tell me what you’re doing?

“What ___________________________________________________________?’

6. I was wondering if you’ve got a laptop.

“Have ___________________________________________________________?’

KEYS

Bài 1:

1. Peter asked me if / how I had ever visited NASA.

2. My sister asked me what I was doing now / then.

3. Mai wanted to know when / whether Mercury was discovered.

4. Jim asked his teacher whether there is / was life on other planets.

5. My teacher told us that the Earth moves / moved around the sun.

6. Brown asked whether / who Emily complained about the film.

7. Mrs. Smith asked her husband when he was travelling / is travelling for business.

8. My director asked me whether I hadn’t / haven’t finished my project.

9. I asked her what / if they felt tired after the long walk.

10. She asked me whether I can / could do her a favor.

11. My mother wanted to know who be / was at the door.

12. He asked me where I had been all this / that time.

13. The salesman asked Mr. Thomson which of these / those shirts he liked best.

14. I asked Frank what they were arguing about over here / there.

15. The little boy asked his mother if they came next day / the following day.

Bài 2:

1. “Where did you go on holiday?”

A. He asked us where we did go on holiday.

B. He asked us where we went on holiday.

2. “Do you know about the Snowman?”

A. He asked me if I knew about the Snowman.

B. He asked me if I know about the Snowman.

3. “Will you set off early?”

A. She asked me would I set off early.

B. She asked me if I would set off early.

4. “Do you want a new laptop?”

A. My dad asked me did I want a new laptop.

B. My dad asked me if I wanted a new laptop.

5. “Can I borrow your calculator?”

A. Mai asked if she can borrow my calculator.

B. Mai asked if she could borrow my calculator.

6. “Where is the public library?”

A. They asked where the public library was.

B. They asked where was the public library.

7. “What can I do in the club?”

A. Nick asked me what he could do in the club.

B. Nick asked me what can he do in the club.

Bài 3: Viết câu tường thuật dựa trên câu hỏi đã cho.

1. She asked him when he cleaned his shoes.

2. She asked me where I often went swimming.

3. We asked him what he was listening to.

4. They asked us what we would do with the prize money.

5. He asked me when I would get a new bicycle.

6. The doctor asked him what sports he played.

7. I asked my father why he was in a hurry.

8. I asked her where she had parked her car.

Bài 4:

1. He wanted to know what my name was.

2. She asked how old I was.

3. My mother asked who I would see at the meeting.

4. I wanted to know when the train left.

5. She asked how I got to school.

6. She asked why I couldn’t come to the party.

7. The boy wanted to know where I lived.

8. She asked who I wanted to talk to at the meeting.

9. The teacher demanded to know why I was so late.

10. The man wanted to know why the guard wouldn’t let him in the stadium.

Bài 5:

1. “How old are you?”

2. “How did you make this cake?”

3. “When did you arrive?”

4. “When will she be ready?”

5. “What are you doing?”

6. “Have you got a laptop?”

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Lưu trữ: Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 12 (sách cũ)

B. GRAMMAR

CÂU TRƯỜNG THUẬT (dạng nghi vấn)

1. Câu nghi vấn

a. Yes/ no question

Vì bản chất của câu gián tiếp là thuật lại lời nói nên ta chuyển câu nghi vấn về dạng khẳng định bằng cách bỏ trợ động từ (auxiliary) và dấu hỏi chấm.

Tiếp đó, ta lùi thời động từ chính theo đúng quy tắc. Sau đó thực hiện chuyển đổi như với câu trần thuật.

CHÚ Ý: Ta không dùng that ở câu nghi vấn. Thay vào đó, if/ whether được sử dụng.

CẤU TRÚC:

“Auxiliary + S1 + V?”, S2 said/ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know.

⇒ S2 + asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + if/ whether + S1 + V (lùi thời)

eg:

Steve asked his teacher: “Do we have to hand in the assignment tomorrow?”

Steve asked his teacher if they had to hand in the assignment the following day.

b. Câu hỏi thông tin wh-questions:

CẤU TRÚC:

“WH-ques + auxiliary + S1 + V?” S2 said/ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know.

⇒ S2 asked/ wondered/ wanted to know + WH-ques + S1 + V (lùi thời).

eg:

Mr. Smith said to me, “Why did you go with my father last week?”

Mr. Smith asked me why I had gone with his father the week before.

Xem thêm Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Global Success có đáp án hay khác:

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 1 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 2 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 3 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 4 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 5 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 6 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 7 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 8 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 9 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 10 Global Success

• Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 8 Unit 11 Global Success

Xem thêm các loạt bài Để học tốt Tiếng Anh lớp 8 hay khác:

• Giải sách bài tập Tiếng Anh 8
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