Thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh

Bài viết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành gồm ngữ pháp Thì quá khứ hoàn thành chi tiết và bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành có lời giải giúp học sinh nắm vững cách sử dụng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh.

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh

Lý thuyết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Past Perfect là thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được thành lập với cấu trúc:

Had + Quá khứ phân từ

Chúng ta dùng thì thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) để nói đến một điều đã xảy ra rồi trước một điều khác trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.

Khi tôi đến bàn tiệc, Tom đã về nhà rồi.

- When I got home, I found that someone had broken my windows and had stolen my television.

Khi tôi về tới nhà, tôi thấy ai đó đã đập vỡ cửa sổ và lấy cắp cái tivi của tôi.

- George didn't want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.

George không muốn đi xem phim với chúng tôi vì anh ta đã xem bộ phim hai lần rồi.

- It was my first time in an aero plane. I was very nervous because I hadn't flown before.

Đó là lần đầu tiên tôi đi máy bay. Tôi rất hoảng sợ vì tôi chưa từng bay bao giờ.

Thật ra past perfect chỉ là quá khứ của thì present perfect.

Bạn xét các cặp ví dụ:

- I am not hungry. I have just had lunch.

( Hiện tại đơn — Hiện tại hoàn thành)

--> I was not hungry. I had just had lunch.

( Quá khứ đơn — Quá khứ hoàn thành)

Tôi không đói. Tôi vừa ăn trưa xong.

- The house is dirty. We haven't cleaned it for weeks.

( Hiện tại đơn — Hiện tại hoàn thành)

--> The house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned it for weeks.

( Quá khứ đơn — Quá khứ hoàn thành)

Nhà bẩn quá. Chúng tôi đã không lau nó nhiều tuần lễ rồi.

1. Công thức:

Loại câu	Công thức	Ví dụ
Thể khẳng định	S + had + V3/ed	You had met him before.
Thể phủ định	S + had + not + V3/ed	She had not finished her homework.
Câu nghi vấn (Yes/No Question)	Had + S + V3/ed? Yes, S + had / No, S had + not	Had they visited the museum? Yes, they had
Câu nghi vấn (WH- question)	When/Where/Why/What/How + had + S + V3 + O?	Where had she gone before her mother called? Why had you stopped taking your medicine before you healed?

2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Dựa vào ngữ cảnh và trong câu xuất hiện các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: before, after, for, until then, by the time, prior to that time, as soon as, by,…

Ví dụ: After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch. (Sau khi Sofie hoàn thành công việc, cô ấy đã đi ăn trưa.)

3. Cách dùng:

Quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ

Ví dụ: By 2 o’clock we had had lunch. (Chúng tôi đã ăn trưa trước 2h.)

b. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ví dụ: When I got up this morning, my father had already gone to work. (Sáng nay khi tôi ngủ dậy, bố tôi đã đi làm rồi.)

c. Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ

Ví dụ: By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for 5 years. (Lúc tôi gặp cậu, tôi đã làm việc cho công ty đó được 5 năm rồi.)

d. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác

Ví dụ: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well. (Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho kì thi và sẵn sàng làm tốt nó.)

e. Vế giả thiết trong câu điều kiện loại III (điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ)

Ví dụ: If I had known that, I would have acted differently. (Nếu tôi biết điều đó, tôi đã hành xử khác.)

Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Task 1. Điền dạng đúng của các động từ cho sẵn. Có thể cần dùng dạng phủ định.

eat stay wait know write see listen get have run

1. By the time he died, Beethoven __________ nine symphonies.

2. We chose the Hotel Rio because we __________ there before.

3. We __________ for over an hour when the train finally arrived.

4. I was completely out of breath because I __________.

5. I __________ the film before, so I knew how it ended.

6. When she got married, I __________ Chris for about two years.

7. Johnson __________ ready for the race for six months and finally the big day arrived.

8. Vivian __________ computer lessons for very long so she wasn’t sure how to use the internet.

9. Sue __________ oysters before, so she wasn’t sure what to do with them.

10. I __________ to my new CD for a few minutes when the CD player started making a funny noise.

Đáp án:

1. had written	2. had stayed	3. had been waiting	4. had been running
5. had seen	6. had known	7. had been getting	8. hadn’t been having
9. hadn’t eaten	10. had been listening

Task 2. Chọn đáp án đúng.

Dear Lisa,

Thanks for your letter. I (1) just left / had just left for school when I saw the postman and the (2) gave / had given it to me. It was really funny! I (3) read / had read it during maths and it (4) made / had made me laugh. I almost (5) got / had got in trouble!

Anyway, I’m excited because I (6) had / had had my first judo lesson yesterday. I (7) was / had been a bit sore for the lesson because when I (8) got / had got home, I suddenly realised I (9) left / had left my judo suit at home! So I (10) went / had gone all the way home and when I (11) got / had got back, the lesson (12) already began / had already begun.

The instructor was really nice, though, and I (13) learned / had learned how to do some basic throws. Can’t wait for next time!

What about you and your taekwondo? The last time I (14) spoke / had spoken to you, you (15) talked / had talked about giving it up. What (16) did you decide / had you decided?

I think that’s all for now. My mum and I are going shopping shortly, so I’d better post this.

Speak to you soon.

Love,

Charlotte

Đáp án:

1. had just left	2. gave	3. read	4. made
5. got	6. had	7. was	8. got
9. had left	10. went	11. got	12. had already begun
13. learned	14. spoke	15. had talked	16. did you decide

Task 3. Điền dạng đúng của động từ.

1. The ambulance __________ (left) by the time the reporters __________ (get) to the scene of the accident.

2. Before I __________ (meet) Dr Christian, I __________ (see) a number of different specialists.

3. It __________ (be) only the second time I __________ (ever / be) in a helicopter.

4. Up to the moment when Mr O’Donnell __________ (say) ‘You’re fired’, I __________ (have) no idea why he wanted to see me.

5. When Tonya __________ (finish) eating, she __________ (ask) the waiter to bring the bill.

6. Luckily, I __________ (just / reach) the end of my essay when the teacher __________ (tell) us all to put our pens down.

7. We __________ (do) everything we had to do by five, so we __________ (decide) to go out for a coffee.

8. I (not) __________ (want) Mrs Thomas’s young son to touch my ornaments because I __________ (just / clean) them.

9. My mum __________ (be) annoyed with me because I __________ (forget) to get milk when I was at the shop.

10. I __________ (get) Janine a book for her birthday, but she __________ (read) it before.

Đáp án:

1. had left – got	2. met – had seen	3. was – had ever been
4. said – had had	5. had finished – asked	6. had just reached – told
7. had done – decided	8. didn’t want – had just cleaned	9. was – had forgotten
10. got – had read

Task 4. Sắp xếp thành câu hoàn chỉnh.

1. an email / sent / a day off / he / before / his boss / take / he / to

⮚ __________________________________________________

2. save / before / he / be able / an early retirement / a lot of / have / money / to / he.

⮚ __________________________________________________

3. brief / the clients / objectives / we / he / about / new year’s / before / us / the / before /meet.

⮚ __________________________________________________

4. go off / the office / we / after / the lights / leave.

⮚ __________________________________________________

5. bring / the post office / here / you / package / you / the / come / before / to?

⮚ __________________________________________________

6. presence / she / call / her house / after / fell / the / someone / in / the police / she / of.

⮚ __________________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. He had sent an email to his boss before he took a day off.

2. He had been able to save a lot of money before he had an early retirement.

3. He had briefed us about the new year’s objectives before we met the clients.

4. The lights went off after we had left the office.

5. Had you brought the package to the post office before you came here?

6. She called the police after she had felt the presence of someone in her house.

Task 5. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. When we reached / had reached the station, the train left / had left already.

2. Did you feel / Had you felt surprised when you heard / had heard the news?

3. It was / had been midnight and most of the shops had just closed / just closed.

4. Mary didn’t want / hadn’t wanted to see the film because she saw / had seen it before.

5. John was delighted when he found out / had found out that he passed / had passed the exam.

6. My violin teacher got / had got angry because I didn’t practise / hadn’t practised.

7. She was / had been tired because she went / had gone to bed late the night before.

8. By the time Jack decided / had decided to apply for the job, the position was filled / had been filled.

Đáp án:

1. reached – had left	2. did you feel – heard	3. was – had just closed
4. didn’t want – had seen	5. found out – had passed	6. got – hadn’t practised
7. was – had gone	8. decided – had been filled