Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành dễ hiểu nhất (bài tập có giải)

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Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành dễ hiểu nhất (bài tập có giải)

1. Khái niệm Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng cho các hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn.

2. Cách dùng Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ

Eg: By 2 o’clock we had had lunch. (Chúng tôi đã ăn trưa trước 2h.)

b. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ

Eg: When I got up this morning, my father had already gone to work.

(Sáng nay, khi tôi ngủ dậy, bố tôi đã đi làm rồi.)

c. Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ

Eg: By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for 5 years.

(Lúc tôi gặp cậu, tôi đã làm việc cho công ty đó được 5 năm rồi.)

d. Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác

Eg: I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.

(Tôi đã chuẩn bị cho kì thi và sẵn sàng làm tốt nó.)

e. Vế giả thiết trong câu điều kiện loại III (điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ)

Eg: If I had known that, I would have acted differently.

(Nếu tôi biết điều đó, tôi đã hành xử khác.)

3. Cấu trúc Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Khẳng định (+)	S + had + VpII	I had left my wallet at home. (Tôi đã để quên ví ở nhà.)
Phủ định (-)	S + had not/ hadn’t + VpII	They hadn’t cleaned the house for weeks (Họ đã không lau dọn nhà mấy tuần rồi.)
Nghi vấn (?)	(Từ để hỏi) + had + S + VpII?	Where had he put his wallet? (Anh ấy đã để ví ở đâu?)

4. Cách thêm “-ed” vào động từ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Động từ nguyên thể	Cách chuyển	Ví dụ
Động từ kết thúc tận cùng: e; ee	Thêm “d”	Live – lived (sống) Agree – agreed (đồng ý)
Động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y)	Gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm “ed”	Fit – fitted (phù hợp) Stop – stopped (ngừng)
Động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y	Đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed”	Study – studied (học) Try – tried (thử)
Động từ còn lại	Thêm “-ed”	Work – worked (làm việc) Learn – learned (học)

5. Cách phát âm động từ đuôi “ed”

Đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc là /t/ hoặc /d/	Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/ Added /ædɪd/
Đọc là /t/ khi động từ kết thúc là các phụ âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là “s”	Picked /pɪkt/ Hoped /hoʊpt/
Đọc là /id/ với các động từ còn lại	Cried /kraɪd/: Khóc Smiled /smaɪld/: Cười

6. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Dựa vào các trạng từ sau đây và ngữ cảnh:

• Until then

• By the time

• Prior to that time

• Before

• After

• As soon as

• By the end of + thời gian trong quá khứ …….

Eg: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken.

(Họ về nhà sau khi đã ăn một con gà quay lớn.)

7. Bài tập Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Exercise 1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành

0. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we had built (build).

1. He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

2. When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.

3. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .

4. The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.

5. The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).

Hiển thị đáp án

1. had not been

2. had already done

3. had made

4. had put on

5. had not ordered

Exercise 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

0. They (come) came back home after they (finish) had finished their work.

1. She said that she (meet) ……………………. Mr. Bean before.

2. Before he (go) ……………….. to bed, he (read) …………………… a novel.

3. He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before.

4. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….

5. Before she (listen) ………….. to music, she (do)…… ………. her homework.

6. Last night, Peter (go) ……….. to the supermarket before he (go) ……… home.

Hiển thị đáp án

1. had met

2. went – had read

3. hadn’t worn

4. had started

5. listened – had done

6. had gone – went

Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

0. They (cycle) in the morning so their legs were sore in the evening.

A. Had been cycle

B. Had been cycling

C. Had cycled

D. Had been cycled

1. I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.

A. Had not been working

B. Had worked

C. Had not worked

D. Had not been worked

2. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm all day.

A. Had been helped

B. Had been helping

C. Helped

3. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

A. Had been driving

B. Had driving

C. Had drived

D. Drived

4. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long.

A. Had been singin

B. Had sang

C. Had sung

D. Had singing

5. How long (learn/ she) English before she went to London?

A. Had she learned

B. Had she been learning

C. Had she learn

D. She learned

Hiển thị đáp án

1C

2B

3C

4C

5A

Exercise 4. Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect.

0. I thanked her for everything she (do) had done for me.

1. She didn’t notice that she (never see) …………………….……… that film before.

2. I suddenly (remember) that I ………………………. (forget) my keys.

3. Bill no longer has his car. He (sell) …………………….. it.

4. (Have/you/put) ………………. off the fire before you (go) ……………… out.

5. I was very pleased to see Mary again. I (not see) ………………….. for a long time.

Hiển thị đáp án

1. hadn’t never seen

2. remembered – had forgotten

3. had sold

4. Had you put – went

5. hadn’t seen

Exercise 5. Rewrite the sentences beginning as shown

0. David went home before we arrived.

When we arrived, Davi had gone home.

1. We had snack then we had a look around the shops.

After……………………………………………………………………………………

2. The man was poor so he could not afford accommodation.

If …………………………………………………………………………….…………

3. We had never been so happy before.

We were………………………………………………………………………………..

4. I went to the zoo last year and that was where I saw a real tiger for the first time.

Before …………………………………………………………………………………..

5. I like you didn’t go to the party yesterday.

I’d rather you …………………………………………………………………………...

Hiển thị đáp án

1. After we had snack, we had a look around the shops.

2. If the man had been rich, he could have afforded accommodation.

3. We were so happy after that.

4. Before I went to the zoo last year, I hadn’t seen a real tiger for the first time.

5. I’d rather you hadn’t gone to the parrty yessterday.

Exercise 6. Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau bằng cách chia động từ ở chỗ trống

Until a few years ago, no one 0. had heard (hear) of Harry Potter, the young wizard and hero of the children’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. The writer, J K Rowling, 1. ………… (already / write) several stories and books, but this was the first book that was published. She 2. …………… (get) the idea for the story of a wizard at magic school while she 3. ……… (travel) on a train to London. By the time the train 4. …………… (reach) King’s Cross station, she 5. ………………… (invent) most of the characters. When the book was published in 1997, no one 6. ………………… (imagine) it would be such a tremendous success, but it quickly 7……………(become) a bestseller. While millions of young readers in many countries 8. ……………… (enjoy) her first Harry Potter book, J K Rowling 9. …………………… (think) of ideas for the next book in this incredibly popular series.

Hiển thị đáp án

1. had already written

2. got

3. was travelling

4. reached

5. had invented

6. imagined

7. became

8. were enjoying

9. was thinking

Bài tập bổ sung

Task 1. Điền dạng đúng của các động từ cho sẵn. Có thể cần dùng dạng phủ định.

        eat      stay      wait      know      write      see       listen        get      have     run      

1. By the time he died, Beethoven __________ nine symphonies.

2. We chose the Hotel Rio because we __________ there before.

3. We __________ for over an hour when the train finally arrived.

4. I was completely out of breath because I __________.

5. I __________ the film before, so I knew how it ended.

6. When she got married, I __________ Chris for about two years.

7. Johnson __________ ready for the race for six months and finally the big day arrived.

8. Vivian __________ computer lessons for very long so she wasn’t sure how to use the internet.

9. Sue __________ oysters before, so she wasn’t sure what to do with them.

10. I __________ to my new CD for a few minutes when the CD player started making a funny noise.

Đáp án:

1. had written	2. had stayed	3. had been waiting	4. had been running
5. had seen	6. had known	7. had been getting	8. hadn’t been having
9. hadn’t eaten	10. had been listening

Task 2. Chọn đáp án đúng.

Dear Lisa,

Thanks for your letter. I (1) just left / had just left for school when I saw the postman and the (2) gave / had given it to me. It was really funny! I (3) read / had read it during maths and it (4) made / had made me laugh. I almost (5) got / had got in trouble!

Anyway, I’m excited because I (6) had / had had my first judo lesson yesterday. I (7) was / had been a bit sore for the lesson because when I (8) got / had got home, I suddenly realised I (9) left / had left my judo suit at home! So I (10) went / had gone all the way home and when I (11) got / had got back, the lesson (12) already began / had already begun.

The instructor was really nice, though, and I (13) learned / had learned how to do some basic throws. Can’t wait for next time!

What about you and your taekwondo? The last time I (14) spoke / had spoken to you, you (15) talked / had talked about giving it up. What (16) did you decide / had you decided?

I think that’s all for now. My mum and I are going shopping shortly, so I’d better post this.

Speak to you soon.

Love,

Charlotte

Đáp án:

1. had just left	2. gave	3. read	4. made
5. got	6. had	7. was	8. got
9. had left	10. went	11. got	12. had already begun
13. learned	14. spoke	15. had talked	16. did you decide

Task 3. Điền dạng đúng của động từ.

1. The ambulance __________ (left) by the time the reporters __________ (get) to the scene of the accident.

2. Before I __________ (meet) Dr Christian, I __________ (see) a number of different specialists.

3. It __________ (be) only the second time I __________ (ever / be) in a helicopter.

4. Up to the moment when Mr O’Donnell __________ (say) ‘You’re fired’, I __________ (have) no idea why he wanted to see me.

5. When Tonya __________ (finish) eating, she __________ (ask) the waiter to bring the bill.

6. Luckily, I __________ (just / reach) the end of my essay when the teacher __________ (tell) us all to put our pens down.

7. We __________ (do) everything we had to do by five, so we __________ (decide) to go out for a coffee.

8. I (not) __________ (want) Mrs Thomas’s young son to touch my ornaments because I __________ (just / clean) them.

9. My mum __________ (be) annoyed with me because I __________ (forget) to get milk when I was at the shop.

10. I __________ (get) Janine a book for her birthday, but she __________ (read) it before.

Đáp án:

1. had left – got	2. met – had seen	3. was – had ever been
4. said – had had	5. had finished – asked	6. had just reached – told
7. had done – decided	8. didn’t want – had just cleaned	9. was – had forgotten
10. got – had read

Task 4. Sắp xếp thành câu hoàn chỉnh.

1. an email / sent / a day off / he / before / his boss / take / he / to

⮚ __________________________________________________

2. save / before / he / be able / an early retirement / a lot of / have / money / to / he.

⮚ __________________________________________________

3.  brief / the clients / objectives / we / he / about / new year’s / before / us / the / before /meet.

⮚ __________________________________________________

4. go off / the office / we / after / the lights / leave.

⮚ __________________________________________________

5.  bring / the post office / here / you / package / you / the / come / before / to?

⮚ __________________________________________________

6. presence / she / call / her house / after / fell / the / someone / in / the police / she / of.

⮚ __________________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. He had sent an email to his boss before he took a day off.

2. He had been able to save a lot of money before he had an early retirement.

3. He had briefed us about the new year’s objectives before we met the clients.

4. The lights went off after we had left the office.

5. Had you brought the package to the post office before you came here?

6. She called the police after she had felt the presence of someone in her house.

Task 5. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. When we reached / had reached the station, the train left / had left already.

2. Did you feel / Had you felt surprised when you heard / had heard the news?

3. It was / had been midnight and most of the shops had just closed / just closed.

4. Mary didn’t want / hadn’t wanted to see the film because she saw / had seen it before.

5. John was delighted when he found out / had found out that he passed / had passed the exam.

6. My violin teacher got / had got angry because I didn’t practise / hadn’t practised.

7. She was / had been tired because she went / had gone to bed late the night before.

8. By the time Jack decided / had decided to apply for the job, the position was filled / had been filled.

Đáp án:

1. reached – had left	2. did you feel – heard	3. was – had just closed
4. didn’t want – had seen	5. found out – had passed	6. got – hadn’t practised
7. was – had gone	8. decided – had been filled

Xem thêm các bài viết Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh cực hay với đầy đủ bài tập có đáp án chi tiết khác:

• Phân biệt Hiện tại hoàn thành và Quá khứ đơn trong Tiếng Anh
• Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết
• Phân biệt cách dùng Have & Have got chi tiết nhất
• Cách sử dụng Used to, Be used to, Get used to chi tiết nhất
• Thì Hiện tại mang nghĩa tương lai (Tương lai gần)trong Tiếng Anh đầy đủ, chi tiết

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